Hallberg-Pakistan_Pashto_Waneci_Ormuri_1992.pdf

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Pashto, Waneci, Ormuri. Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern Pakistan, 4
SOCIOLINGUISTIC SURVEY OF
NORTHERN PAKISTAN
VOLUME 4
PASHTO, WANECI, ORMURI
Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern Pakistan
Volume 1 Languages of Kohistan
Volume 2 Languages of Northern Areas
Volume 3 Hindko and Gujari
Volume 4 Pashto, Waneci, Ormuri
Volume 5 Languages of Chitral
Series Editor
Clare F. O’Leary, Ph.D.
Sociolinguistic Survey
of
Northern Pakistan
Volume 4
Pashto
Waneci
Ormuri
Daniel G. Hallberg
National Institute of
Pakistani Studies
Quaid-i-Azam University
Summer Institute
of
Linguistics
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Copyright © 1992 NIPS and SIL
Published by National Institute of Pakistan Studies,
Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
and
Summer Institute of Linguistics, West Eurasia Office
Horsleys Green, High Wycombe, BUCKS
HP14 3XL United Kingdom
First published 1992
Reprinted 2004
ISBN 969-8023-14-3
Price, this volume: Rs.300/-
Price, 5-volume set: Rs.1500/-
To obtain copies of these volumes within Pakistan, contact:
National Institute of Pakistan Studies
Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Phone: 92-51-2230791
Fax: 92-51-2230960
To obtain copies of these volumes outside of Pakistan, contact:
International Academic Bookstore
7500 West Camp Wisdom Road
Dallas, TX 75236, USA
Phone: 1-972-708-7404
Fax: 1-972-708-7433
Internet: http://www.sil.org
Email: academic_books@sil.org
R EFORMATTING FOR REPRINT BY R. C ANDLIN .
CONTENTS
Preface............................................................................................................. vii
Maps................................................................................................................. ix
Introduction — Clare F. O’Leary ................................................................... xi
Acknowledgments ........................................................................................ xvii
Chapter 1 Pashto: A Sociolinguistic and Dialect Study ............................... 1
1. Framework and Purpose ...................................................................... 1
2. General Background ............................................................................ 2
2.1 Pashto Language Classification.................................................... 2
2.2 The Geographic Boundaries of Pashtoon Territory ...................... 2
2.3 Population Estimates .................................................................... 5
2.4 Education in Pakistan ................................................................... 6
2.5 Comments on the Pashto Alphabet as Expressed in the Literature7
3. Dialects of Pashto ................................................................................ 9
3.1 Pashto Dialect Groupings as Expressed in Existing Literature..... 9
3.2 Word List Findings..................................................................... 14
3.3 Comprehension of Recorded Speech.......................................... 20
3.4 Dialect Groupings Based on Native Speaker Opinion................ 22
3.5 Pashto Dialect Groupings — Summary and Conclusions........... 25
4. Bilingualism / Second Language Proficiency .................................... 27
4.1 Urdu ........................................................................................... 27
4.2 English ....................................................................................... 29
5. Language Use and Attitudes .............................................................. 30
5.1 Comments on Language Use and Attitudes as Expressed in
Existing Literature .................................................................... 30
5.2 Language Use as Reported by Interview Subjects...................... 35
5.3 Language Attitudes as Expressed by Interview Subjects............ 39
6. Summary and Conclusions ................................................................ 43
Chapter 2 Wan 4 eci .......................................................................................... 45
Introduction and Purpose ....................................................................... 45
1. Discussion of Existing Literature on Wan 4 eci..................................... 45
1.1 The Language ............................................................................. 45
1.2 The Wa N eci People .................................................................... 47
2. Word List Findings ............................................................................ 50
3. Discussion of Waneci (Tarino) Interview Data.................................. 50
4. Summary and Conclusions ................................................................ 52
5. Further Study ..................................................................................... 52
Chapter 3 Ormur 4 i ......................................................................................... 53
Introduction and Purpose ....................................................................... 53
1. Setting................................................................................................ 53
2. Dialects of Ormur 4 i ............................................................................. 55
3. Comparison of Ormur 4 i and Pashto .................................................... 56
4. Second Language Proficiency (Bilingualism).................................... 59
5. Language Use and Attitudes .............................................................. 60
6. Language Vitality .............................................................................. 61
7. Summary and Conclusions ................................................................ 63

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