Martin Cohen - Political Philosophy, From Plato to Mao (2001).pdf

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Political Philosophy
Political Philosophy
From Plato to Mao
Martin Cohen
Press
LONDON • STERLING, VIRGINIA
P
Pluto
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First published 2001 by Pluto Press
345 Archway Road, London N6 5AA
and 22883 Quicksilver Drive,
Sterling, VA 20166–2012, USA
www.plutobooks.com
Copyright © Martin Cohen 2001
The right of Martin Cohen to be identified as the author of this work has
been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and
Patents Act 1988.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from
the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
applied for
ISBN 0 7453 1604 2 hardback
ISBN 0 7453 1603 4 paperback
10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01
0987654321
Designed and produced for Pluto Press by
Chase Publishing Services, Fortescue, Sidmouth EX10 9QG
Typeset from disk by Stanford DTP Services, Northampton
Printed in the European Union by Antony Rowe, Chippenham, England
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To Lisa
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Contents
Acknowledgements
ix
‘How To’ Guide
x
Introduction
1
Prologue: The Story of Human Society
4
Timeline: Prehistory to Plato
13
1: Plato’s Utopia
15
Key Text: Republic
Timeline: 300 BC to AD 1513 31
2: Niccolò Machiavelli and the Psychology of the State 33
Key text: Discourses
Timeline: 1516 to 1651
47
3: Hobbes’ Wicked World
49
Key Text: Leviathan
Timeline: 1653 to 1695
65
4: John Locke: The True End of Civil Government
66
Key Text: Essay Concerning the True, Original Extent and End
of Civil Government
Timeline: 1703 to 1765
81
5: Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Inequality or Freedom?
82
Key Text: Discourse on Inequality
Timeline: 1752 to 1776
97
6: Adam Smith’s Inquiry into the Wealth of Nations
98
Key Text: An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth
of Nations
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viii Political Philosophy
Timeline: 1780 to 1805
113
7: Marx and Engels: The Communist Manifesto
115
Key Text: The Communist Manifesto
Timeline: 1806 to 1848
129
8: The Principles of Political Economy:
J.S. Mill and the Limits of Government
131
Key text: The Principles of Political Economy
Timeline: 1851 to 1899
143
9: Positivism and the Science of Society:
Emile Durkheim and Max Weber
145
Key text: Social Rituals and Sacred Objects
Timeline: 1903 to 1919
161
10: Behold the Man!
The Deceptive Appeal of Power:
Hegel, Nietzsche and the Fascists
162
Key text: Ecce Homo
Timeline: 1920 to 1945
179
11: Mao’s Little Red Book
182
Key text: The Red Book
Timeline: 1945 to 1969
207
12: The End of History?
209
References and Sources for Further Reading
223
Some Internet Sources
233
Index
235
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