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phelptab.dvi
Tabl e 1 : Unemployment and long-term unemployment in OECD
Unemployment
Long-term unemployment
(Per cent)
of six months and over
(Per cent of total unemployment)
1974–79 a
1980–89 a
1995 b
1979 c
1989 d
1995 e
Belgium
6.3
10.8
13.0
74.9
87.5
77.7
France
4.5
9.0
11.6
55.1
63.7
68.9
Germany g
3.2
5.9
9.4
39.9
66.7
65.4
Netherlands
4.9
9.7
7.1
49.3
66.1
74.4
Spain
5.2
17.5
22.9
51.6
72.7
72.2
Sweden
1.9
2.5
7.7
19.6
18.4
35.2
United Kingdom 5.0
10.0
8.2
39.7
57.2
60.7
United States
6.7
7.2
5.6
8.8
9.9
17.3
OECD Europe
4.7
9.2
10.3
...
...
...
Total OECD
4.9
7.3
7.6
...
...
...
a ) Unemployment in 1974–79 and 1980–89 is from OECD, Employment
Outlook (1991), Table 2.7.
b ) Unemployment in 1995 is from OECD, Employment Outlook (1996),
Table 1.3.
c ) Long-term unemployment in 1979 is from OECD, Employment Outlook
(1984b), Table H.; except for the OECD aggregate figures that are averages
for 1979 and 1980from OECD, Employment Outlook (1991), Table 2.7.
1
Table 1 (continued)
Long-term unemployment
of one year and over
(Per cent of total unemployment)
1970 f
1979 c
1989 d
1995 e
Belgium
...
58.0
76.3
62.4
France
22.0
30.3
43.9
45.6
Germany
8.8
19.9
49.0
48.3
Netherlands
12.2
27.1
49.9
43.2
Spain
...
27.5
58.5
56.5
Sweden
...
6.8
6.5
15.7
United Kingdom 17.6
24.5
40.8
43.5
United States
...
4.2
5.7
9.7
OECD Europe
...
31.5
52.8
...
Total OECD
...
26.6
33.7
...
d ) Long-term unemployment in 1989 is from OECD, Employment Outlook
(1992a), Table N.; except for the OECD aggregate figures that are from
OECD, Employment Outlook (1991), Table 2.7.
e ) Long-term unemployment in 1995 is from OECD, Employment Outlook
(1996), Table Q.
f ) Long-term unemployment in 1970is from OECD, Employment Outlook
(1983), Table 24.
g ) Except for year 1995, data refer to former West Germany only.
2
Tabl e 2 : Net unemployment benefit replacement rates a in 1994 for single-earner
households by duration categories and family circumstances
Single With dependent spouse
First Second Fourth First Second Fourth
year &third &fifth year &third &fifth
year
year
year
year
Belgium
79
55
55
70
64
64
France
79
63
61
80
62
60
Germany
66
63
63
74
72
72
Netherlands
79
78
73
90
88
85
Spain
69
54
32
70
55
39
Sweden b
81
76
75
81
100
101
United Kingdom b
64
64
64
75
74
74
United States
34
9
9
38
14
14
a ) Benefit entitlement on a net-of-tax and housing benefit basis as a
percentage of net-of-tax earnings.
b ) Data for Sweden and the United Kingdom refer to 1995.
Source : Martin (1996), Table 2.
3
Tabl e 3 : Equilibrium outcomes for the WS economy and the LF economy with
different degrees of economic turbulence.
Degree of economic turbulence
.02
.04
WS LF
WS LF
Tax rate (%)
3.88 n.a. 11.69 n.a.
Unemployment rate (%)
7.13 5.81 14.87 5.73
Average duration of unemployment (weeks) 13.7 10.6 31.8 10.7
Percentage of unemployed at a point in
18.2 8.2
63.1 8.5
time with spells so far
≥
6months
Percentage of unemployed at a point in
5.8
0.6 55.6 0.6
time with spells so far ≥ 12 months
4

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