Power From Magnetism - Over-Unity Motor Design.pdf - PDFs - septix

ENERGY SCIENCE REPORT NO. 9

POWER FROM MAGNETISM: OVER-UNITY MOTOR DESIGN

HAROLD ASPDEN

Sabberton Publications

P.O. Box 35, Southampton SO16 7RB, England

ISBN 0 85056 0241

POWER FROM MAGNETISM: OVER-UNITY MOTOR DESIGN

ENERGY SCIENCE REPORT NO. 9

POWER FROM MAGNETISM: OVER-UNITY MOTOR DESIGN

Contents

Section Title

page

Introduction

PART I: Multi-Megawatt Over-Unity Design 2

PART II: The ASPDEN Motor 11

PART III: The Energy of a Magnetic Circuit 19

PART IV: Commercial Development of the Invention 27-29

*****

POWER FROM MAGNETISM: OVER-UNITY MOTOR DESIGN

Introduction

This Energy Science Report is one of a series concerned with new energy

technology and the fundamental energy science that is involved. In this series of twelve

such reports there are three, Nos 3, 8 and 9 of which are of outstanding importance.

Report No. 8 was devoted exclusively to the remarkable discovery of Dr. Paulo Correa and

Mrs. Alexandra Correa of Concord, Ontario, Canada. In proving that electrical power at

normal power voltage can be generated by tapping aether energy by a plasma discharge

technique, we have in prospect one solution for our future energy needs. In this Report

No. 9 this author now reveals another way forward to tapping aether energy, one which

could well replace main electrical power generating installations in the years ahead. In

Report No. 3, soon to be issued, the author will describe a technology which, when

developed, will serve as a `free energy' air-conditioning or refrigeration unit. This latter

technology does not tap aether energy. It does, however, operate in defiance of the second

law of thermodynamics by extracting electricity from ambient heat.

This Report in four parts. Part I outlines the design of a large scale motor such as

might become a prime mover in a power generating plant or used to power an ocean liner.

Part II concerns the design features of a small prototype motor that can be assembled in

a home workshop. Part III is an academic discourse aimed at educating students and even

university professors of electrical engineering on some elementary, but unfamiliar,

principles of magnetism. Part IV discusses further the scope for research and

commercialization. It is aimed at government officials and research directors in industry,

with a view to urging action to exploit this new technology.

For the record, the author explains that he has begun writing this Report on October

6th 1996 and aims to publish by November 6th in advance of a New Energy symposium

to be held in Rotterdam on November 9th. This Report will be revised and reissued in

updated forms periodically thereafter in the light of developments.

[Note added here in this June, 2003 reprint of this Report for placing as a

record on the author’s website www.energyscience.co.uk and listing in the

paper section of the author’s other website www.aspden.org which is where

any such commentary as to onward development will be reported. However,

it is mentioned here that, at this time, the author’s attentions have been more

directed at the understanding the scientific physical basis on which energy can

be tapped from our aetheric environment, replicating in a sense the process by

which our Earth and sun acquired their energy. The future prospect here

points towards solid-state technology, rather than the theme discussed in this

Report.]

POWER FROM MAGNETISM: OVER-UNITY MOTOR DESIGN

PART I: Multi-Megawatt Over-Unity Design

There have been many reports of motors incorporating permanent magnets and

claiming over-unity performance. By `over-unity' is meant the generation of output power

in excess of the electrical power input. It is important to note that the use of permanent

magnets in motor construction is standard practice for many commercial d.c. motors.

Usually the motor drive is generated by currents in conductors interacting with the

magnetic field to produce lateral forces on the structure supporting the conductors. In this

case the resulting motion induces back EMFs which absorb input power to set up the drive

force. There is no anomalous energy gain in such machines. An entirely different motor

principle involves setting up a magnetic field in a pole gap as the poles come together and

weakening the magnetizing field during pole separation. Such machines are known as

`magnetic reluctance' motors. Incorporating permanent magnets in such machines poses

problems but offers scope for `over-unity' performance.

It should not, however, be assumed that energy is being drained from the magnet.

The magnet is merely a catalyst in energy conversion. Also, whatever function can be

performed by a magnet can also be achieved using an electromagnet, meaning a

ferromagnetic core excited by a magnetizing winding, subject to the scale of the system

involved.

In large electrodynamic machines used in power generation there is a developing

tendency to use superconductive magnets, superconductive coils having no ferromagnetic

core. The fact that electric current can be sent around a multi-turn magnetizing winding

with no loss that produces heat offers the alternative to a powerful magnet for many

scientific applications. This is especially the case now that `warm superconductors' have

been discovered, with the promise of room temperature superconductivity. However, here

again, it must be noted that, if the ferromagnetic core is to be used as the catalyst for

tapping energy from the aether, the use of superconductive windings must be accompanied

by the presence of ferromagnetic cores within those windings. The design of the multi-

megawatt power generating machine to be described below does, therefore, use

superconductive windings on ferromagnetic cores.

The general principle which forms the basis of the design combines (a) the

avoidance of loss by using superconductive magnetizing windings and (b) the

minimization of inductive power input by near-to-total enclosure of the complete core

circuit of the machine within a single solenoidal magnetizing winding.

The operating principle of the conventional magnetic reluctance motor is easy to

understand. One stores energy in the magnetic field within the gaps between the rotor and

stator poles. The poles come together by magnetic attraction. That magnetic field energy

fed in as inductance is then converted into mechanical work imparting drive torque which

delivers output power to a motor drive shaft. All one then has to do is to be sure that the

magnetizing current is switched off when the poles come into register as the pole gaps are

very nearly closed and then they can separate to step on to the next operating position

without there being much magnetic drag arresting the motion. The energy fed in as

inductance energy is deployed as mechanical output. There is no power gain, but there is

some loss owing to magnetization (hysteresis and eddy-currents) and, unless

superconductive windings are used, there is ohmic heating loss attributable to the currents

in the magnetizing windings.

POWER FROM MAGNETISM: OVER-UNITY MOTOR DESIGN

Now just reconsider this situation. Firstly one assures that there is energy stored in

the magnetic field of the pole gaps. Then one converts virtually all of that energy into

mechanical work. Finally one ensures that no further magnetic energy is fed into the pole

gaps during their separation. There is no reference to a magnet in this sequence of events.

So let us now introduce a magnet and regard the rotor poles as being those of a permanent

magnet, with the stator poles being those of an electromagnet, the latter having a

magnetizing winding.

Instead of supplying electric current to set up the magnetic field in the pole gap

during the pole closure phase we let that field be that solely attributable to the permanent

magnet. The magnet will pull the poles together and supply mechanical drive torque

which spin the motor. The electromagnet will be excited during pole separation so as to

set up a magnetic field in opposition to that of the magnet, in effect neutralizing the field,

or as some might say setting up poles of the same polarity so that they repel whereas there

was attraction during the pole closure phase when a magnet pole attracted a non-

magnetized soft-iron stator pole piece. Here the situation is that the magnet does the work

first to drive the machine and then we do something by which we input power to reset the

machine for a repeat cycle. If what we do requires less energy that was delivered by the

magnet, then we have `over-unity' operation.

Whatever we do in feeding that energy into the machine involves the process we call

`magnetic induction'. There has to be a back-EMF set up in the magnetizing winding

when we supply current, if there has to be energy input. By our laws of physics there has

to be what is termed a rate of change of magnetic flux linkage to set up that back EMF.

The question at issue therefore is whether we can set up a current in the magnetizing

winding which opposes the magnetic field in the pole gap but does not promote any

change in the net magnetic flux linking that winding.

To reduce this to something quite simple, imagine you are sitting at a table in a room

and you have a magnet in one hand and a piece of soft iron in the other hand. See Fig. 1.

The word `soft' in this connection merely means that the iron is of normal composition and

not an alloy or special substance that is used for making permanent magnets. It means that

it readily accepts change of magnetic state and readily loses its magnetic state given a

demagnetizing field. A permanent magnet requires an extremely strong demagnetizing

field before it suffers any permanent loss of magnetism and it recovers from any temporary

reduction of strength promptly upon removal of the less-than-extremely-strong

demagnetizing field. You can feel the pull of the magnet towards the soft iron. The two

having come together, you try to pull them apart to find that it needs a lot of force. If you

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