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A Color Handbook of
Small Animal
Emergency
and Critical Care
Medicine
Elizabeth A Rozanski
DVM, DACVIM (Internal Medicine), DACVECC
Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
John E Rush
DVM, MS, DACVIM (Cardiology), DACVECC
Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
This book is dedicated to the memory of Jeff Proulx, DVM, DACVECC.
Copyright © 2007 Manson Publishing Ltd
ISBN: 978-1-84076-073-6
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or
transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of the copyright holder or in accor-
dance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1956 (as amended), or under the terms of any licence
permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 33–34 Alfred Place, London WC1E
Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal
prosecution and civil claims for damages.
A CIP catalog record for this book is available from the British Library.
For full details of all Manson Publishing titles please write to:
Manson Publishing Ltd, 73 Corringham Road, London NW11 7DL, UK.
Tel: +44(0)20 8905 5150
Fax: +44(0)20 8201 9233
Website: www.mansonpublishing.com
3
Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
CHAPTER 4
Hematological
emergencies
Blood loss anemia . . . . . . . . . 80
Hemolytic anemia . . . . . . . . 84
Nonregenerative
anemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Thrombocytopenia/
thrombocytopathia . . . . . 87
Acquired coagulopathy . . . . . 90
CHAPTER 8
Neurological
emergencies
Seizures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Traumatic brain injury . . . . 141
Paralysis and paresis . . . . . . 144
Vestibular syndrome . . . . . . 148
Mental alteration . . . . . . . . 151
medicine . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
CHAPTER 9
Metabolic
emergencies
Diabetic ketoacidosis . . . . . 157
Hypoglycemia . . . . . . . . . . 161
Hypoadrenocorticism
(Addison’s disease) . . . . 164
Disorders of calcium . . . . . . 167
CHAPTER 5
Toxicological
emergencies
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Poisonous plants . . . . . . . . . . 95
Ethylene glycol . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Anticoagulant
rodenticides . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Acetaminophen
(paracetamol) . . . . . . . . . 99
Chocolate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Tremorgenic
mycotoxicosis . . . . . . . . 100
Pyrethrin and pyrethroids . . 102
Hypovolemic shock . . . . . . . 14
Sepsis/septic shock . . . . . . . . 17
Cardiogenic shock . . . . . . . . 19
CHAPTER 10
Trauma
Vehicular trauma . . . . . . . . 172
Degloving wounds . . . . . . . 174
Bite wounds . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Gunshot and
stab wounds . . . . . . . . . 178
Emergency fracture
management . . . . . . . . . 180
resuscitation . . . . . . . . . . 22
Congestive heart failure in the
dog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Congestive heart failure in
the cat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Cardiac arrhythmias . . . . . . . 39
Pericardial effusion . . . . . . . . 52
Arterial thromboembolism . . . 56
Syncope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
CHAPTER 6
Gastrointestinal
emergencies
Vomiting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Acute diarrhea . . . . . . . . . . 107
Gastrointestinal
obstruction . . . . . . . . . . 109
Gastric dilatation–volvulus . . 111
Gastrointestinal
hemorrhage . . . . . . . . . . 114
Pancreatitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
CHAPTER 11
Reproductive
emergencies
Dystocia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Pyometra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Neonatal emergencies . . . . . 189
Male reproductive
emergencies . . . . . . . . . 191
Respiratory distress . . . . . . . . 66
Upper airway obstruction . . . 68
Pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Feline asthma . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
thromboembolism . . . . . 73
Noncardiogenic pulmonary
edema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Pneumothorax . . . . . . . . . . . 75
CHAPTER 12
Environmental
emergencies
CHAPTER 7
Renal
emergencies
CHAPTER 17
Nutritional support
of the critically ill patient
Nutritional assessment . . . . 248
Goals of nutritional
support . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Nutritional plan . . . . . . . . . 249
Enteral nutrition . . . . . . . . 250
Parenteral nutrition . . . . . . 251
Monitoring and
reassessment . . . . . . . . . 252
Special nutrients . . . . . . . . . 256
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
ill animals . . . . . . . . . . . 212
function . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Monitoring of respiratory
function . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
Anesthesia and analgesia
for critical care patients
CHAPTER 18
Techniques
Vascular access . . . . . . . . . . 258
Urinary catheterization . . . . 262
Supplemental oxygen . . . . . 263
Thoracocentesis . . . . . . . . . 264
Thoracostomy tube
placement . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Pericardiocentesis . . . . . . . . 266
Abdominocentesis . . . . . . . 267
Tracheostomy . . . . . . . . . . 268
Transtracheal aspirate . . . . . 269
Epidural analgesia . . . . . . . . 271
Esophagostomy tube
placement . . . . . . . . . . . 272
Robert Jones bandage . . . . 275
approach to the critically
ill patient . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
ill patients . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
for fluid therapy . . . . . . . 232
Choosing the appropriate
fluid type . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
fluid therapy . . . . . . . . . 236
Appendices
1. Conversion tables . . . . . . 277
2. Calculation of a
continuous rate
infusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
3. Intensive care unit
drug formulary . . . . . . . 282
fluid therapy . . . . . . . . . 236
Fluid additives . . . . . . . . . . 237
complications . . . . . . . . 238
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Transfusion medicine
for critical care patients
Blood products . . . . . . . . . . 240
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