Qadr.pdf

NOTES: SOME ABBREVIATIONS

SWT = Subhanahu Wa taÔala, "glorious and exalted is He (Allah)"

SAW = Sallalahu ÓAlayhi Wasallam = peace and blessings of Allaah be

upon him (dua for prophet Muhammad).

AWS = ÓAlayhi Wasallam, Peace be upon him (dua for the prophets)

RA = Radiyallahu ÓAnhu, Allah well-pleased with him (dua for the

companions of the prophet)

[3:45] = Surah 3, Verse 45

ÓEesa = should be read with Arabic letter ÔayinÔ.

Ash-Shaytaan = Iblees, the Devil

Shayateen = plural of shaytaan from jinn

C HAPTER F IVE

B ELIEF IN A L -Q ADAR

CHAPTER FIVE: BELIEF IN al-Qadar

What is Al-QadaÔ wal-Qadar?

Belief in Al-Qadar is one of the pillars of Eemaan. A person is not a believer without this

pillar.

Verily, We have created all things with Qadar (Divine Preordainments of all things before

their creation, as written in the Book of Decrees Al-Lauh Al-Mahfuz). [54:49]

Hadeeth of Jabir: 'No slave of Allah will truly believe until he believes in Al Qadr its

good and bad from Allah, until he knows that what has befallen him was not

going to miss him and that what missed him was not going to befallen him.'

[Tirmidhi]

Belief in al-qadar (the Divine decree) is the sixth pillar of faith, and no one’s faith is

complete without it.

It is narrated that Ibn ‘Umar (may Allaah be pleased with him) heard that some people were

denying al-qadar. He said: ÐIf I meet these people I will tell them that I have

nothing to do with them and they have nothing to do with me. By the One by

Whom ÒAbd-Allaah ibn ÒUmar swore, if one of them had gold equivalent to

Mount Uhud and he spent it , Allaah would not accept it from him unless he

believed in al-qadar.Ñ [Saheeh Muslim]

Linguistic definitions:

Al-Qadar:

o It is taken from the root word qadara , which means knew,

predetermined and planned perfectly.

o Relates to things before happened and something you planned.

Al-Qada’ (ءا):

o It comes from the word qada (), which means judged, ordained,

executed perfectly.

o When the things happen, then it becomes Al-Qada’.

Al-Qadar is before al-Qada’. Since it is easy to pronounce, it is used as ‘al-

Qada’ wal-Qadar’.

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B ELIEF IN A L -Q ADAR

Technical definitions:

Al-Qadar:

o It is Allah’s complete Knowledge.

o Writing in the Safe Tablet.

o And His Will before the existence of all things.

Al-Qada’:

o It is Allah’s creation of all things

o By His Command and Will.

Thus anything happens or exists have to go through Allah’s

Complete Knowledge → Written in the Safe Tablet → His Will → His Command → Existence

Other opinions:

1. The Asha’irahs define Al-Qada with the definition of Al-Qadar, and vice-versa.

2. Some scholars said that there is no difference between the meanings of the two words

Al-Qada’ and Al-Qadar.

3. The phrase Al-Qada’ wal-Qadar was not mentioned as such in the Quran or Sunnah,

and was not used by the pious predecessors. These two words were never used together

in the first three hundred (300) years of Muslim history. However, it became common

in the works of Ahl As-Sunnah later.

Should we study Al-Qadar?

Narrated Ibn Mas’ood (RA): Prophet (SAW) said, ÐIf my companions are mentioned,

then keep quiet; if the stars are mentioned, then keep quiet; and if the divine

decree is mentioned, then keep quiet.Ñ [Narrated by al-Tabaraani in al-Kabeer ,

2/96. Classed as saheeh by Shaykh al-Albaani]

The Muslim has to submit to Allaah in all His affairs, and know that whatever happens to

him could never have missed him, and what misses him could never have happened to him.

Sometimes we might understand wisdom behind things. Sometimes we might not. The

Hadeeth teaches us to avoid these questions.

The history of innovation in Al-Qadar

There is always a debate regarding this issue in every religion. From the history of Islam

there have always been two extreme groups in relation to their views on Al-Qadar.

1. Al-Jabriyyah, who went to extremes in affirming Al-Qadar.

This innovation came chronologically from the following people: Al-

Jahm ibn Safwan (128 A.H.) â Al-Ja’d ibn Dirham â Bayan ibn

Sam’an â Taloot â Labeed ibn Al-A’sam. Among them Taloot was the

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B ELIEF IN A L -Q ADAR

nephew of Labeed ibn Al-A’sam who himself was a magician and had a

Jewish root. Some Jewish sects have extreme Qadar ideology.

Al-Jahm ibn Safwan (and his wife) introduced three (3) concepts among

the Muslims which are very deadly for the whole religion. These

concepts destroy the belief of Muslims.

i. Al - J abriyyah: This says that everything that we do is done by Allah.

We have no free will and are like feathers scattered by the wind without

any sort of control. Meaning we won’t be held responsible for anything.

ii. Al-Ta j ahhum: This says that Allah has no names. This will mean that

Allah doesn’t exist.

iii. Al-‘Er j iya’: Faith is knowledge in the heart. So no need for actions.

iv. J ahannam: Imam Ibnul Qayyim wrote in his book about al-Jahm that he

introduced three innovation that starts with Arabic letter ‘Jeem’. So he

said, “I wish for him the 4 th ‘Jeem’ which is for Jahannam”.

2. Al-Qadariyyah, who went to extremes in denying Al-Qadar.

The innovators: Ghaylan Ad-Dimishqee (105 A.H.) â Ma’bad Al-

Juhanee (80 A.H.) â Seesawayh (a.k.a Sinsawayh Al-Baqqal and

Sawsan). Seesawayh was Christian monk. View also spread by Wasil

ibn ‘Ata (131 A.H.) and ‘Amr ibn Ubaid (134 A.H.). Bishr ibn

Mu’tamir Al-Koofee, and Shams Ad-Deen Ja’far Al-Bahloolee Az-

Zaidee (573 A.H.).

Ghaylan Ad-Dimishqee is the main contributor of this ideology.

Allah has nothing to do in whatever we do. He is up there just to watch.

He only knows about what happens till it happens.

An incident in the history: ‘Abdullah ibn az-Zubair (RA) declared

Khilafa. The Umayyads appointed al-Hajjaz ibn Yusuf to subdue

‘Abdullah Ibn az-Zubair (RA). Hajjaz almost destroyed the Qabah to

attack and kill him. So the people of ignorance spread the idea that Allah

must be unaware of the fact that His house is going to be destroyed. (wa

nawoozu billah, we seek refuge from Allah)

al-Qadariyyah became more popular and was adopted by the Al-

Mu’tazilah who in turn convinced the ‘Abbasid khalifah al-Ma’mun.

It spread in Baghdad, especially become popular in Kufa.

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B ELIEF IN A L -Q ADAR

The state power remained with them until the Mu’tazila vanished into

the history by splitting into two different deviant groups who took these

teachings:

Û The shia’ in the region of Iraq

Û The Zaidiyyah in Yemen

In this chapter the complete issue of al-Qada wal-qadar will be discussed using nine (9)

principles.

Nine principles of al-QadaÔ wal-Qadar:

First Principle: The Pillars of Al-Qadar

1. AL-‘ILM: ALLAH’S KNOWLEDGE

a. Allah SWT knowledge encompasses everything

Verily Allah is the Al-Knower of everything. [8:75]

b. Allah knows

A. what happened,

B. what is happening now,

C. what will happen in the future,

D. If something didn’t happen then He will know what would have

happened if it happened.

Proofs are from the following verses:

It is Allah Who has created seven heavens and of the earth the like thereof (i.e.

seven). His Command descends between them (heavens and earth), that you

may know that Allah has power over all things, and that Allah surrounds

(comprehends) all things in (His) Knowledge. [65:12]

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