Pullen - Conductance Curve Design Manual (1958).pdf - Vacuum Tube Books and Manuals - neo666x

iii

INTRODUCTION

The Conductance Curve Design Manual has been prepared to make

available to engineers, scientists, and technicians, a group of data or-

ganized to help the user design circuits which function in the manner

desired, with a minimum of readjustment. It is divided into three

principal sections:

(1) a brief explanation of the special curves and their application

in typical R-C amplifier designs.

(2) a set of tables useful in making tube substitutions, and tables to

simplify the selection of tubes for given applications.

(3) a special set of curves organized to facilitate tube circuit design.

Chapter 1 describes briefly the forms of curves, and gives examples of

the use of the additional data. As the principal purpose of this Manual

is to provide data on the tubes, organized in a form which simplifies design,

a brief discussion of the different sets of curves is included here.

Chapter 2 of the Manual develops, from the general plate current

equation for tubes, some of the more commonly used equations for both

triode and pentode amplifiers. This discussion is intentionally limited

to several typical R-C amplifier problems as most of the design principles

are displayed in the examples. The use of the techniques on more

complex circuits can be readily deduced, or obtained from the appropriate

reference articles in the bibliography.

Chapter 3 provides some typical design examples for both triodes and

pentodes, showing the calculation of amplification and distortion and

the selection of bias. In addition, the problem of selecting both the

screen and cathode bypass capacitors is solved.

The first of the two tables in the cross-reference data shows the

Manual equivalents for several hundred common tubes, and includes

structure and basing data. The second table lists tubes for which curves

are included, and all their equivalents as provided in Table 1.

The two power-handling tables, one for triodes and one for pentodes,

may be used to improve operational reliability. These tables list the

tubes in ascending order of plate conductance or screen-to-plate trans-

conductance.

Tube curves themselves represent the characteristics of 71 tubes. Low-

power and high-power tubes, triodes and pentodes, and several mixer

tubes are included.

Because of the great familiarity of the term RETMA in the engineer-

ing field, we have retained this term rather than use the newer abbrevia-

tion resulting from the Association's recent name change: EIA ~ Elec-

tronic Industries Association.

New York, N. Y. John F. Rider Publisher, Inc.

March 1958

PREFACE

Electron tube information supplied by manufacturers generally consists

of static characteristic curves, maximum ratings, and typical operating

conditions. Although these data are useful, they are inadequate for

design work, as component values that are selected based on them,

usually have to be altered in the actual circuit to achieve the desired

performance. Extensive use of cut-and-try methods by circuit designers

clearly indicates the need for additional electrical information on these

tubes, and for modification of the mathematical methods for handling

this information. The triode curves given in this Manual consist of

standard plate characteristic curves with contours of constant grid-to-

plate transconductance ( g m ), and contours of constant plate conductance

( g p ), superimposed on them.

Curves provided here for tetrode and pentode tubes have been designed

to present the rapidly varying relations in full, and reduce the more

slowly varying relations to correction curves. For this reason, the con-

tours of constant grid bias are plotted as a function of screen voltage

and plate current, rather than as standard plate characteristics.

In addition, contours of constant grid-to-plate transconductance ( G m1 )

are superimposed on the static screen characteristics. The pentode curves

also include correction curves for X p and X c2 as a function of e b /E c2 to

allow adjustment of the design for any ratio of plate-to-screen voltage.

This permits the determination of both plate and screen current at any

value of plate and screen voltage. Tube data presented in these forms

are called "G-Curves." G-Curves permit design over a wide range of

operating conditions and help in the design of circuits which, when

actually built, conform closely to the predictions of the calculated design.

G-Curves contain the dynamic as well as the static characteristics of

a tube in a single convenient graph. One of the important advantages

of the G-Curve technique is that the designer can meet specific require-

ments by making, on paper, point-by-point determinations of dynamic

operating conditions anywhere within a tube's ratings. It is therefore

possible to optimize a design so that a given performance can be ob-

tained with minimum tube element dissipation. Tube life and circuit

vii

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