SYSTEM NERWOWY.pdf

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THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND IT’S DISORDERS

Divided into

Podzielony

Internal

Wewn ħ trzny

External

Zewn ħ trzny

Environment

ĺ rodowisko

Various

Ró Ň norodny

Composed

Składa ę si ħ z

Spinal cord

Rdze ı kr ħ gowy

The branch

Gał ĢŅ ,odgal ħ zia ę

Skull

Czaszka

Hemispheres

Półkula

Surface

Powierzchnia

Folds

Składac, zgina ę , zgi ħ cie, fałda

Compared

Porówna ę

Receives

Otrzymywa ę , odbiera ę

Enclosed

Zał Ģ cza ę , otacza ę

Involuntary

Mimowolny

Blood vessels

Naczynia krwiono Ļ ne

Intestines

Jelita, wn ħ trzno Ļ ci

Trauma

Uraz, prze Ň ycie

Degeneration

Niszczenie

Neoplastic

Nowotworowy

Meningitis

Zapalenie opon mózgowych

Encephalitis

Zapalenie mózgu

Meningioma

Oponiak

Mild

Łagodny, delikatny

Concussion

Wstrz Ģ s psychiczny

Impairment

Zniesienie, osłabienie

Development

Rozwój, post ħ p

Handicap

Niepełnosprawny

Atherosclerosis

Mia Ň d Ň yca t ħ tnic

Hypertension

Nadci Ļ nienie

Paresis

Niedowład, pora Ň enie

Hemiparesis

Niedowład połowiczy

Paralysis

Parali Ň , bezwład

Accompanied

Towarzyszy ę

Dizziness

Zawroty głowy

Anxiety

Niepokój

Epilepsy

Epilepsja, padaczka

Speech disturbances

Zaburzenia mowy

Neurosis

Nerwica

Dementia

Obł ħ t, ot ħ pienie umysłowe

Neuropathy

Choroba nerwowa

Diabetes

Cukrzyca

Leukaemia

Białaczka

Poisoning

Krwawienie

Numbness

Zdr ħ twienie , odr ħ twienie

Tingling

Mrówienie, kłucie

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Myalgia

Reumatyzm mi ħĻ niowy, ból mi ħĻ niowy

Sweating

Poci ę si ħ

Frontal, parietal,occipital, temporal lobe

Czołowy,ciemieniowy,potyliczny,skroniowy

płat

Midbrain

ĺ ródmózgowie

Pons

Most

Medulla oblongata

Rdze ı przedłu Ň ony

Cerbellum

Mó Ň d Ň ek

Peripheral

Obwodowy

Tumour

Guz

Mental retardation

Upo Ļ ledzenie umysłowe

The nervous system is divided into 3 parts :

-central nervous system -autonomic nervous system -peripheral nervous system

The function of the NS is to react to internal and external environment and carry impulses to

the brain and from the brain to various parts of the body.

The central nervous system is composed of : brain , spinal cord , nerves that branch off the

brain and the spianl cord.

The brain is situated in the skull, in cranial cavity.

The brain is divided into two hemispheres : right and left.

Their surface has a great number of folds.

The brain is often compared to a comupter, because like a computer it receives information,

sends it out and stores it for use in the future.

The spinal cord runs down from the base of the brain eclosed in the spinal canal.

The peripheral NS is composed of 12 pairs cranial nerves which branch off the brain , and 31

pair spinal nerves, whuch branch off the spinal cord.

The autonomic NS is consist of two parts : sympathetic and parasympathetic system.

They work in opposition its means if one of them increases the activity of an organ, that other

decreases it.

The funtion of autonomic NS is controls the involuntary action of such organs as the heart,

lungs, intestinal , blood vessels.

Diseases of the NS may be caused by trauma ( head injury or spinal cord injury), degeneration

(multiple sclerosis),infection (meningitis, encephalitis) or neuroplastic ( meningioma or brain

tumour).

A mild injury brain is called concussion.

Impairment of the brain development leads to mental hendicap or mental retardation.

Atherosclerosis and hypertension may cause a stroke manifested by paresis, hemiparesis ,

paralysis.

Symptoms of patologies of NS include : headache and migraine accompanied by vomiting,

dizziness and axiety.

There may also occur epilepsy, speech disturbances, depression, neurosis or dementia.

Inflammation or damage to the peripheral nerves is called neuropathy.

The most common causes of nerve damage are : diabetes, leukemia, cancer, lead poisoning

and excessive alcohol consumption.

Symptoms caused by neuropathy include numbness, tingling, muscle pain ( myalgia), muscle

weakness, swating.

DISEASES SYMPTOMS SYMPTOMS NEUROPATHY

Multiple sclerosis

headache

Numbness

Meningioma or brain tumour

migraine

Tingling

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Meningitis

vomiting

Muscle pain (myalgia)

Encephalitis

dizziness

Muslce weakness

Concussion

anxiety

sweating

Hemiparesis

Paresis

Paralysis

Neuropathy

Bibliografia :

Ewa Donesch-Je Ň o -English for Nurses

Ewa Donesch-Je Ň o - English for Medical Students

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