bash-history-cheat-sheet.pdf

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Bash History Cheat Sheet
BashHistoryCheatSheet
Emacs and Vi history editing keyboard shortcuts:
Shortcut Description
Emacs Mode Shortcuts:
CTRL-p Fetch the previous command from the history list.
CTRL-n Fetch the next command from the history list.
CTRL-r Search history backward (incremental search).
CTRL-s Search history forward (incremental search).
Meta-p Search backward using non-incremental search.
Meta-n Search forward using non-incremental search.
Meta-< Move to the rst line in the history.
Meta-> Move to the end of the history list.
Vi Mode Shortcuts:
k Fetch the previous command from the history list.
j Fetch the next command from the history list.
/stringorCTRL-r Search history backward for a command matchingstring.
?stringorCTRL-s Search history forward for a command matchingstring.
n Repeat search in the same direction as previous.
N Repeat search in the opposite direction as previous.
G Move to the N-th history line (for example,15G).
History behavior modication via shell variables:
ShellVariable Description
HISTFILE Controls where the history le gets saved. Set to/dev/nullnot to keep history.
Default: /.bash history.
HISTFILESIZE Controls how many history commands to keep inHISTFILE.
Default: 500.
HISTSIZE Controls how many history commands to keep in the history list of current session.
Default: 500.
HISTIGNORE Controls which commands to ignore and not save to the history list. The variable takes a
list of colon separated patterns. Pattern&matches the previous history command.
History behavior modication viashoptcommand:
shoptoption Description
histappend Setting the variable appends current session history toHISTFILE. Unsetting overwrites
the le each time.
histreedit If set, puts a failed history substitution back on the command line for re-editing.
histverify If set, puts the command to be executed after a substitution on command line as if you had
typed it.
shoptoptions can be set by a shopt-soption and can be unset by a shopt-uoption shell command.
A cheat sheet byPeterisKrumins(peter@catonmat.net), 2008.
http://www.catonmat.net - good coders code, great reuse
ReleasedunderGNUFreeDocumentLicense.
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History expansion:
Shortcut Description
Event Designators:
! Starts a history substitution.
!! Refers to the last command.
!n Refers to then-th command line.
!-n Refers to the current command line minusn.
!string Refers to the most recent command starting withstring.
!?string? Refers to the most recent command containingstring(the ending ? is optional).
^string1^string2^ Quick substitution. Repeats the last command, replacingstring1withstring2.
!# Refers to the entire command line typed so far.
Word Designators (word designators follow the event designators, separated by a colon):
0 The zeroth (rst) word in a line (usually command name).
n Then-th word in a line.
^ The rst argument (the second word) in a line.
$ The last argument in a line.
% The word matched by the most recent ?string? search.
x-y A range of words fromxtoy(-yis synonymous with0-y).
* All word but the zeroth.
x* Synonymous withx-$.
x- The words fromxto the second to last word.
Modiers (modiers follow word designators, separated by a colon):
h Removes a trailing pathname component, leaving the head.
t Removes all leading pathname components, leaving the tail.
r Removes a trailing sux of the form .xxx, leaving the basename.
e Removes all but the trailing sux.
p Prints the resulting command but does not execute it.
q Quotes the substituted words, escaping further substitutions.
x Quotes the substituted words, breaking them into words at blanks and newlines.
s/old/new/ Substitutesnewforold.
& Repeats the previous substitution.
g Causess/old/new/or&to be applied over the entire event line.
History expansion examples:
$echoabcde (executes`echoabcde`)
abcde
$echo!!:3-$ (executes`echocde`)
cde
$echo!-2:*:q (executes`echo'abcde'`)
abcde
$echo!-3:1:2:4:x(executes`echo'a''b''d'`)
abd
$echo!-4:1-3:s/a/foo/:s/b/bar/:s/c/baz/
(executes`echofoobarbaz`)
foobarbaz
$tar-xzfpackage-x.y.z.tgz
...
$cd!-1:$:r(exec's`cdpackage-x.y.z`)
package-x.y.z$
$ls-a/tmp
file1file2file3...
$^-a^-l^ (exec's`ls-l/tmp`)
-rw-------1useruserfile1
...
A cheat sheet byPeterisKrumins(peter@catonmat.net), 2008.
http://www.catonmat.net - good coders code, great reuse
ReleasedunderGNUFreeDocumentLicense.
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