LM35.PDF

September 1997

LM35/LM35A/LM35C/LM35CA/LM35D

Precision Centigrade Temperature Sensors

General Description

The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature

sensors, whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the

Celsius (Centigrade) temperature. The LM35 thus has an

advantage over linear temperature sensors calibrated in

˚ Kelvin, as the user is not required to subtract a large con-

stant voltage from its output to obtain convenient Centigrade

scaling. The LM35 does not require any external calibration

or trimming to provide typical accuracies of ± 1 ⁄ 4 ˚C at room

temperature and ± 3 ⁄ 4 ˚C over a full −55 to +150˚C tempera-

ture range. Low cost is assured by trimming and calibration

at the wafer level. The LM35’s low output impedance, linear

output, and precise inherent calibration make interfacing to

readout or control circuitry especially easy. It can be used

with single power supplies, or with plus and minus supplies.

As it draws only 60 µA from its supply, it has very low

self-heating, less than 0.1˚C in still air. The LM35 is rated to

operate over a −55˚ to +150˚C temperature range, while the

LM35C is rated for a −40˚ to +110˚C range (−10˚ with im-

proved accuracy). The LM35 series is available packaged in

hermetic TO-46 transistor packages, while the LM35C,

LM35CA, and LM35D are also available in the plastic TO-92

transistor package. The LM35D is also available in an 8-lead

surface mount small outline package and a plastic TO-220

package.

Features

n Calibrated directly in ˚ Celsius (Centigrade)

n Linear + 10.0 mV/˚C scale factor

n 0.5˚C accuracy guaranteeable (at +25˚C)

n Rated for full −55˚ to +150˚C range

n Suitable for remote applications

n Low cost due to wafer-level trimming

n Operates from 4 to 30 volts

n Less than 60 µA current drain

n Low self-heating, 0.08˚C in still air

n Nonlinearity only ± 1 ⁄ 4 ˚C typical

n Low impedance output, 0.1 W for 1 mA load

Typical Applications

DS005516-4

DS005516-3

FIGURE 1. Basic Centirade Temperature Sensor

(+2˚C to +150˚C)

Choose R 1 = −V S /50 µA

V OUT = +1,500 mV at +150˚C

= +250 mV at +25˚C

= −550 mV at −55˚C

FIGURE 2. Full-Range Centigrade Temperature Sensor

TRI-STATE ® is a registered trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation.

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Connection Diagrams

TO-46

Metal Can Package*

TO-92

Plastic Package

SO-8

Small Outline Molded Package

DS005516-1

*Case is connected to negative pin

(GND)

Order Number LM35H,

LM35AH, LM35CH,

LM35CAH or LM35DH

See NS Package Number

H03H

DS005516-2

Order Number LM35CZ,

LM35CAZ or LM35DZ

See NS Package Number

Z03A

DS005516-21

N.C. = No Connection

Top View

Order Number LM35DM

See NS Package Number M08A

TO-220

Plastic Package*

DS005516-24

*Tab is connected to the negative pin (GND).

Note: The LM35DT pinout is different than the discontinued LM35DP.

Order Number LM35DT

See NS Package Number TA03F

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Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 10)

If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,

please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/

Distributors for availability and specifications.

Supply Voltage

TO-46 Package,

(Soldering, 10 seconds)

300˚C

TO-92 and TO-220 Package,

(Soldering, 10 seconds)

260˚C

+35V to −0.2V

SO Package (Note 12)

Vapor Phase (60 seconds) 215˚C

Infrared (15 seconds) 220˚C

ESD Susceptibility (Note 11) 2500V

Specified Operating Temperature Range: T MIN to T MAX

(Note 2)

LM35, LM35A

Output Voltage

+6V to −1.0V

Output Current

10 mA

Storage Temp.;

TO-46 Package,

−60˚C to +180˚C

TO-92 Package,

−60˚C to +150˚C

−55˚C to +150˚C

SO-8 Package,

−65˚C to +150˚C

LM35C, LM35CA

−40˚C to +110˚C

TO-220 Package,

−65˚C to +150˚C

LM35D

0˚C to +100˚C

Lead Temp.:

Electrical Characteristics

(Notes 1, 6)

LM35A

LM35CA

Parameter

Conditions

Tested Design Tested Design Units

Typical Limit Limit Typical Limit Limit (Max.)

(Note 4) (Note 5)

Accuracy

T A =+25˚C

± 0.2 ± 0.5

˚C

(Note 7)

T A =−10˚C

± 0.3

± 1.0

˚C

T A =T MAX

± 0.4 ± 1.0

˚C

T A =T MIN

± 0.4 ± 1.0

± 0.4

± 1.5

˚C

Nonlinearity

T MIN £

T A £

T MAX

± 0.18

± 0.35 ± 0.15

± 0.3

˚C

(Note 8)

Sensor Gain

T MIN £

T A £

T MAX

+10.0 +9.9,

+10.0

+9.9, mV/˚C

(Average Slope)

+10.1

Load Regulation

T A =+25˚C

± 0.4 ± 1.0

mV/mA

(Note 3) 0

I L £

1mA T MIN £

T A £

T MAX

± 0.5

± 3.0 ± 0.5

± 3.0 mV/mA

Line Regulation

T A =+25˚C

± 0.01 ± 0.05

mV/V

(Note 3)

V S £

30V

± 0.02

± 0.1 ± 0.02

± 0.1 mV/V

Quiescent Current

V S = +5V, +25˚C

µA

(Note 9)

V S = +5V

105

131

114

µA

V S = +30V, +25˚C 56.2

56.2

µA

V S = +30V

105.5

133

91.5

116

µA

Change of

V S £

30V, +25˚C 0.2

1.0

0.2

1.0

µA

Quiescent Current

4V £ V S £ 30V

0.5

2.0

0.5

2.0

µA

(Note 3)

Temperature

+0.39

+0.5 +0.39

+0.5 µA/˚C

Coefficient of

Quiescent Current

Minimum Temperature In circuit of

+1.5

+2.0 +1.5

+2.0

˚C

for Rated Accuracy Figure1,I L = 0

Long Term Stability T J = T MAX , for

± 0.08

˚C

1000 hours

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Electrical Characteristics

(Notes 1, 6)

LM35

LM35C, LM35D

Parameter

Conditions

Tested Design Tested Design Units

Typical Limit Limit Typical Limit Limit (Max.)

(Note 4) (Note 5)

Accuracy,

T A = +25˚C

± 0.4 ± 1.0

˚C

LM35, LM35C

T A =−10˚C

± 0.5

± 1.5

˚C

(Note 7)

T A =T MAX

± 0.8 ± 1.5

± 0.8

± 1.5

˚C

T A =T MIN

± 0.8

± 1.5 ± 0.8

± 2.0

˚C

Accuracy, LM35D

(Note 7)

T A =+25˚C

± 0.6 ± 1.5

˚C

T A =T MAX

± 0.9

± 2.0

˚C

T A =T MIN

± 0.9

± 2.0

˚C

Nonlinearity

T MIN £

T A £

T MAX

± 0.3

± 0.5 ± 0.2

± 0.5

˚C

(Note 8)

Sensor Gain

T MIN £

T A £

T MAX

+10.0 +9.8,

+10.0

+9.8, mV/˚C

(Average Slope)

+10.2

Load Regulation

T A =+25˚C

± 0.4 ± 2.0

mV/mA

(Note 3) 0

I L £

1mA T MIN £

T A £

T MAX

± 0.5

± 5.0 ± 0.5

± 5.0 mV/mA

Line Regulation

T A = +25˚C

± 0.01 ± 0.1

mV/V

(Note 3)

V S £

30V

± 0.02

± 0.2 ± 0.02

± 0.2 mV/V

Quiescent Current

V S = +5V, +25˚C

µA

(Note 9)

V S = +5V

105

158

138

µA

V S = +30V, +25˚C 56.2

56.2

µA

V S = +30V

105.5

161

91.5

141

µA

Change of

4V £ V S £ 30V, +25˚C 0.2

2.0

0.2

2.0

µA

Quiescent Current

4V £ V S £ 30V

0.5

3.0

0.5

3.0

µA

(Note 3)

Temperature

+0.39

+0.7 +0.39

+0.7 µA/˚C

Coefficient of

Quiescent Current

Minimum Temperature In circuit of

+1.5

+2.0 +1.5

+2.0

˚C

for Rated Accuracy Figure1,I L = 0

Long Term Stability T J = T MAX , for

± 0.08

˚C

1000 hours

Note 1: Unless otherwise noted, these specifications apply: −55˚C

T J £

+150˚C for the LM35 and LM35A; −40˚

T J £

+110˚C for the LM35C and LM35CA; and 0˚

+100˚C for the LM35D. V S = +5Vdc and I LOAD = 50 µA, in the circuit of Figure2. These specifications also apply from +2˚C to T MAX in the circuit of Figure1. Speci-

fications in boldface apply over the full rated temperature range.

Note 2: Thermal resistance of the TO-46 package is 400˚C/W, junction to ambient, and 24˚C/W junction to case. Thermal resistance of the TO-92 package is

180˚C/W junction to ambient. Thermal resistance of the small outline molded package is 220˚C/W junction to ambient. Thermal resistance of the TO-220 package

is 90˚C/W junction to ambient. For additional thermal resistance information see table in the Applications section.

Note 3: Regulation is measured at constant junction temperature, using pulse testing with a low duty cycle. Changes in output due to heating effects can be com-

puted by multiplying the internal dissipation by the thermal resistance.

Note 4: Tested Limits are guaranteed and 100 % tested in production.

Note 5: Design Limits are guaranteed (but not 100% production tested) over the indicated temperature and supply voltage ranges. These limits are not used to cal-

culate outgoing quality levels.

Note 6: Specifications in boldface apply over the full rated temperature range.

Note 7: Accuracy is defined as the error between the output voltage and 10mv/˚C times the device’s case temperature, at specified conditions of voltage, current,

and temperature (expressed in ˚C).

Note 8: Nonlinearity is defined as the deviation of the output-voltage-versus-temperature curve from the best-fit straight line, over the device’s rated temperature

range.

Note 9: Quiescent current is defined in the circuit of Figure1.

Note 10: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. DC and AC electrical specifications do not apply when operating

the device beyond its rated operating conditions. See Note 1.

Note 11: Human body model, 100 pF discharged through a 1.5 k

resistor.

Note 12: See AN-450 “Surface Mounting Methods and Their Effect on Product Reliability” or the section titled “Surface Mount” found in a current National Semicon-

ductor Linear Data Book for other methods of soldering surface mount devices.

www.national.com

Typical Performance Characteristics

Thermal Resistance

Junction to Air

Thermal Time Constant

Thermal Response

in Still Air

DS005516-26

DS005516-25

DS005516-27

Thermal Response in

Stirred Oil Bath

Minimum Supply

Voltage vs. Temperature

Quiescent Current

vs. Temperature

(In Circuit of Figure1.)

DS005516-28

DS005516-29

DS005516-30

Quiescent Current

vs. Temperature

(In Circuit of Figure2.)

Accuracy vs. Temperature

(Guaranteed)

Accuracy vs. Temperature

(Guaranteed)

DS005516-32

DS005516-33

DS005516-31

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