Asterisk Handbook-Draft.pdf

The Asterisk

Handbook

Version 2

Mark Spencer

Mack Allison

Christopher Rhodes

The Asterisk Documentation Team

Last Edit Date: 3/30/03

The Asterisk Handbook

Version 2

About this book

Authors:

Mark Spencer

Mack Allison

Christopher Rhodes

The Asterisk Documentation Team

Special thanks to all the users, contributers, and developers who have

made Asterisk a reality.

may not be duplicated, copied, or redistributed in any form,

electronic or physical, without the prior written consent of Digium,

Inc.

The latest version of this document may be downloaded for free from

http://www.digium.com .

This book was created using OpenOffice, available at

http://www.openoffice.org .

Page 2

The Asterisk Handbook

1. Chapter 1: Introduction......................................................................5

1.1 What is Asterisk?.........................................................................5

1.2 Obtaining Asterisk.......................................................................6

1.3 Licensing......................................................................................6

1.4 Supported Technologies..............................................................7

1.4.1 Zaptel Pseudo TDM interfaces............................................7

1.4.2 Non-Zaptel hardware interfaces..........................................8

1.4.3 Packet voice protocols.........................................................8

1.5 Contributing.................................................................................8

1.5.1 Code Contributions..............................................................9

1.5.2 Documentation Contributions.............................................9

1.5.3 Asterisk IRC Channel and Mailing List...........................10

1.5.4 Supporting Asterisk Sponsors...........................................10

1.5.5 Core Developer Wishlists..................................................10

2. Chapter 2: Asterisk's Architecture...................................................11

2.1 Asterisk Architecture Overview................................................11

2.2 Detailed Asterisk Architecture..................................................11

2.3 Network Examples.....................................................................12

2.3.1 The Mythical 1x1 PBX......................................................12

2.3.2 An 8x16 Small Office PBX...............................................13

2.3.3 SME with Remote Offices.................................................14

2.3.4 High Density IVR and Conferencing................................14

2.4 Filesystem Organization............................................................15

2.5 Naming Channels.......................................................................17

2.5.1 Zap: Zaptel TDM Channels...............................................18

2.5.2 SIP: Session Initiation Protocol Channels........................19

2.5.3 IAX: Inter-Asterisk eXchange Channels..........................19

3. Chapter 3: Running Asterisk...........................................................21

3.1 Asterisk Command Line Arguments........................................21

3.2 Asterisk Command Line Interface............................................23

4. Chapter 4: The Asterisk Dialplan....................................................25

4.1 Introduction to Extension Contexts..........................................25

Page 3

The Asterisk Handbook

4.1.1 Extension Contexts Uses...................................................25

4.1.2 Basic Extension Context....................................................26

4.1.3 Sample Voice Menu...........................................................26

4.1.4 Pattern Matching................................................................27

4.1.5 Context Inclusion...............................................................28

4.2 Complete Set of Contexts..........................................................29

4.3 Defining Extensions...................................................................30

4.3.1 Basic Extension Example..................................................30

4.3.2 Dialing a Phone..................................................................31

4.3.3 Routing by Caller ID.........................................................31

4.3.4 Ringing Phones in Sequence.............................................32

4.3.5 Basic Voice Menu..............................................................33

4.3.6 Using Variables..................................................................33

4.3.7 Including Contexts.............................................................34

4.3.8 Daytime/Nighttime Modes................................................35

4.3.9 Outbound Dialing...............................................................36

4.3.10 Failover Trunking and LCR............................................37

4.3.11 Using Macros...................................................................38

5. Chapter 5: Configuration Files........................................................40

5.1 Introduction to Config Files......................................................40

5.2 Configuration File Grammars...................................................40

5.2.1 Simple Groups....................................................................41

5.2.2 Inherited Option Object (e.g. zapata.conf).......................42

5.2.3 Complex Entity Object (iax.conf).....................................43

5.3 Channel Interfaces.....................................................................43

5.3.1 zapata.conf..........................................................................43

5.3.2 sip.conf...............................................................................56

5.3.3 iax.conf...............................................................................60

5.4 Application Configurations.......................................................68

5.4.1 voicemail.conf....................................................................68

Page 4

The Asterisk Handbook Chapter 1: Introduction

fficially, Asterisk is an Open Source hybrid TDM and

packet voice PBX and IVR platform with ACD

functionality. Unofficially, Asterisk is quite possibly the

most powerful, flexible, and extensible piece of integrated

telecommunications software available. Its name comes from the

asterisk symbol, *, which in UNIX (including Linux) and DOS

environments represents a wildcard, matching any filename.

Similarly, Asterisk the PBX is designed to interface any piece of

telephony hardware or software with any telephony application,

seamlessly and consistently.

Traditionally, telephony products are designed to meet a specific

technical need in a network. However, many applications of using

telephony share a great deal of technology. Asterisk takes advantage

of this synergy to create a single environment that can be molded to

fit any particular application, or collection of applications, as the user

sees fit.

Asterisk can, among other things, be used in any of these

applications:

Heterogeneous Voice over IP gateway (MGCP, SIP, IAX, H.323)

Private Branch eXchange (PBX)

Custom Interactive Voice Response (IVR) server

Softswitch

Conferencing server

Number translation

Calling card application

Predictive dialer

Call queuing with remote agents

Remote offices for existing PBX

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