Nomads and Commissars - Mongolia Revisited by Owen Lattimore (1962).pdf

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Nomads and
Commissars
MONGOLIA
REVISITED
By OWEN
LATTIMORE
New York • Oxford University Press
1962
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FOR
ELEANOR
From
Turkistan
reunion
in
x ^2j
To Mongolia
revisited
in
1961
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Contents
INTRODUCTION
XI
i The Then and the Now
i
II "Mongolia's Lovely Land"
16
m Nomads and Their History
31
iv Autonomous Mongolia: The Years of
Frustration
50
v A Revolution of Shepherds
75
vi The Real Revolution Begins
92
vii The Worst Years
122
vm The Choibalsang Years 148
ix Development, Transformation, Acceleration 170
x Horseback Is All Right
202
APPENDIX: A Note on Sources and
Supplementary Reading
223
INDEX
23 1
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Copyright © 1962 by Owen Lattimore
Library of Congress Catalogue Q &rd Number; 62-16575
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
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Introduction
THE ADMISSION O£ the Mongolian People's Republic to
the United Nations in 1961 aroused sudden interest in
a country which, though it had not itself sealed its fron­
tiers or made itself a hermit land, had been neglected
by the outside world for forty years. Mongolia's member­
ship in the United Nations has led to the asking of many
questions. What are the relations between Mongolia and
the Soviet Union and China, the only countries with
which it has common frontiers? Is Mongolia a kind of
disguised member-republic of the Soviet Union? Or, on
the other hand, are the Mongols a kind of Chinese?
Is their language a dialect of Chinese? What is the dif­
ference between Outer Mongolia and Inner Mongolia?
Did anything ever happen in Mongolia between the
death of Chingis Khan, more than 700 years ago, and
our own times?
In this book I have written a general description of
what Mongolia and the Mongol people are like today,
with frequent references to historical phases of change
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