CRC Press - The Electrical Engineering Handbook.pdf - Electrical and Electronical - michae_l

“Frontmatter”

The Electrical Engineering Handbook

Ed. Richard C. Dorf

Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC, 2000

Product Manager:

Maureen Aller

Project Editor:

Ibrey Woodall

Packaging design:

Jonathan Pennell

These ﬁles shall remain the sole and exclusive property of CRC Press LLC, 2000 Corporate Blvd., N.W., Boca Raton, FL 33431.

The contents are protected by copyright law and international treaty. No part of the

Electrical Engineering Handbook CRCnetBASE

CD-ROM product may be duplicated in hard copy or machine-readable form without prior written authorization from CRC Press

LLC, except that the licensee is granted a limited, non-exclusive license to reproduce limited portions of the context for the licensee’s

internal use provided that a suitable notice of copyright is included on all copies. This CD-ROM incorporates materials from other

sources reproduced with the kind permission of the copyright holder. Credit to the original sources and copyright notices are given

with the ﬁgure or table. No materials in this CD-ROM credited to these copyright holders may be reproduced without their written

permission.

WARRANTY

The information in this product was obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Every reasonable effort has been

made to give reliable data and information, but the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the

consequences of their uses.

No claim to original U.S. Government works

International Standard Book Number 0-8493-2177-8

International Standard Series Number 1097-9409

Preface

Purpose

is to provide in a single volume a ready

reference for the practicing engineer in industry, government, and academia. The book in its comprehensive

format is divided into twelve sections which encompass the ﬁeld of electrical engineering. The goal is to provide

the most up-to-date information in the classical ﬁelds of circuits, signal processing, electronics, electromagnetic

ﬁelds, energy devices, systems, and electrical effects and devices, while covering the emerging ﬁelds of commu-

nications, digital devices, computer engineering, systems, and biomedical engineering. In addition, the ﬁnal

section provides a complete compendium of information regarding physical, chemical, and materials data, as

well as widely inclusive information on mathematics.

The Electrical Engineering Handbook, 2nd Edition

Organization

The fundamentals of electrical engineering have evolved to include a wide range of knowledge, substantial

empirical data, and a broad range of practice. The focus of the handbook is on the key concepts, models, and

equations that enable the electrical engineer to analyze, design, and predict the behavior of complex electrical

devices, circuits, instruments, and systems. While data and formulae are summarized, the main focus is the

provision of the underlying theories and concepts and the appropriate application of these theories to the ﬁeld

of electrical engineering. Thus, the reader will ﬁnd the key concepts deﬁned, described, and illustrated in order

to serve the needs of the engineer over many years. With equal emphasis on electronics, circuits, power systems,

instruments, materials, effects and devices, systems, and control, the engineer should encounter a wide range

of concepts and considerable depth of exploration of these concepts as they lead to application and design.

The level of conceptual development of each topic is challenging, but tutorial and relatively fundamental.

Each article, of which there are more than 200, is written to enlighten the expert, refresh the knowledge of the

mature engineer, and educate the novice.

The information is organized into twelve major sections. The ﬁrst eleven sections encompass 118 chapters

and the last section summarizes the applicable mathematics, symbols, and physical constants. Each section

contains one or more historical vignettes that serve to enliven and illuminate the history of the subject of that

section. Furthermore, each section is preceded by a photo of a device, circuit, or system that demonstrates an

application illustrative of the material in the section.

Each article includes four important and useful categories: deﬁning terms, related topics, references, and

further information.

Deﬁning terms

are cross-references to related articles. The related topics are provided at the end of each

chapter or article. The

references

provide a list of useful books and articles for follow-up reading. Finally,

further

information

provides some general and useful sources of additional information on the topic.

The purpose of

are key deﬁnitions and the ﬁrst occurrence of each term deﬁned is indicated

in boldface in the text. The deﬁnitions of these terms are summarized as a list at the end of each chapter or

article.

Related Topics

Locating Your Topic

Numerous avenues of access to information contained in the handbook are provided. A complete table of

contents is presented at the front of the book. In addition, an individual table of contents precedes each of the

twelve sections. Finally, each chapter begins with its own table of contents. The reader should look over these

tables of contents to become familiar with the structure, organization, and content of the book. For example,

see Section II: Signal Processing, then Chapter 17: Multidimensional Signal Processing, and then Chapter 17.2:

Video Signal Processing. This tree-and-branch table of contents enables the reader to move up the tree to locate

information on the topic of interest.

Five indexes have been compiled to provide multiple means of accessing information. Three indexes are

listed in alphabetical order: (1) subject index, (2) index of basic equations by title or name, and (3) index of

contributing authors. The subject index can also be used to locate key deﬁnitions. The page on which the

deﬁnition appears for each key (deﬁning) term is clearly identiﬁed in the subject index. Two additional indexes

are sequenced by order of appearance: (1) index of key tables of data or information and (2) index of key ﬁgures.

is designed to provide answers to most inquiries and direct

the inquirer to further sources and references. We hope that this handbook will be referred to often and that

informational requirements will be satisﬁed effectively.

Acknowledgments

This handbook is testimony to the dedication of the Board of Advisors, the publishers, and my editorial

associates. I particularly wish to acknowledge at CRC Press Ron Powers, Publisher; Kristen Peterson, Develop-

mental Editor; and Susan Fox, Senior Project Editor. Finally, I am indebted to the assistance of Sara Hare, who

served as editorial assistant.

Richard C. Dorf

Editor-in-Chief

The Electrical Engineering Handbook, 2nd Edition

Editor-in-Chief

professor of electrical and computer engineering at the University of California, Davis,

teaches graduate and undergraduate courses in electrical engineering in the ﬁelds of circuits and control systems.

He earned a Ph.D. in electrical engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, an M.S. from the University

of Colorado, and a B.S. from Clarkson University. Highly concerned with the discipline of electrical engineering

and its wide value to social and economic needs, he has written and lectured internationally on the contributions

and advances in electrical engineering.

Professor Dorf has extensive experience with education and industry and is professionally active in the ﬁelds

of robotics, automation, electric circuits, and communications. He has served as a visiting professor at the

University of Edinburgh, Scotland; the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Stanford University; and the

University of California, Berkeley.

A Fellow of The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Dr. Dorf is widely known to the profession

for his

Modern Control Systems,

7th edition (Addison-Wesley, 1995) and

The International Encyclopedia of

Robotics

(Wiley, 1988). Dr. Dorf is also the co-author of

Circuits, Devices and Systems

(with Ralph Smith), 5th

edition (Wiley, 1992) and

Electric Currents,

3rd edition (Wiley, 1996).

Richard C. Dorf,

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