Apress.Pro.SQL.Server.2012.Relational.Database.Design.and.Implementation.Jul.2012.pdf

For your convenience Apress has placed some of the front

matter material after the index. Please use the Bookmarks

and Contents at a Glance links to access them.

Contents at a Glance

Foreword ..................................................................................................................... xix

About the Author ....................................................................................................... xxi

About the Technical Reviewer ................................................................................... xxiii

Acknowledgments ...................................................................................................... xxv

Introduction .............................................................................................................. xxvii

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Chapter 1: The Fundamentals

...................................................................................... 1

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Chapter 2: Introduction to Requirements

.................................................................. 37

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Chapter 3: The Language of Data Modeling

............................................................... 53

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Chapter 4: Initial Data Model Production

................................................................. . 91

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Chapter 5: Normalization

......................................................................................... 129

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Chapter 6: Physical Model Implementation Case Study

.......................................... 169

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Chapter 7: Data Protection with Check Constraints and Triggers

........................... 245

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Chapter 8: Patterns and Anti-Patterns

.................................................................... 301

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Chapter 9: Database Security and Security Patterns

.............................................. 371

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Chapter 10: Table Structures and Indexing

............................................................ .445

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Chapter 11: Coding for Concurrency

....................................................................... 505

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Chapter 12: Reusable Standard Database Components

.......................................... 563

■ Contents at a GlanCe

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Chapter 13: Considering Data Access Strategies

.................................................... 595

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Chapter 14: Reporting Design

.................................................................................. 639

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Appendix A

.............................................................................................................. 671

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Appendix B

.............................................................................................................. 707

Index........................................................................................................................... 735

Introduction

I often ask myself, “Why do I do this? Why am I writing another edition of this book? Is it worth it? Isn’t there

anything else that I could be doing that would be more benecial to me, my family, or the human race? Well, of

course there is. he fact is, however, I generally love relational databases, I love to write, and I want to help other

people get better at what they do.

When I was rst getting started designing databases, I learned from a few great mentors, but as I wanted to

progress, I started looking for material on database design, and there wasn’t much around. he best book I found

was an edition of Chris Date’s An Introduction to Database Systems (Addison Wesley, 2003), and I read as much

as I could comprehend. he problem, however, was that I quickly got lost and started getting frustrated that I

couldn’t readily translate the theory of it all into a design process that really seems quite simple once you get

down to it. I really didn’t get it until I had spent years designing databases, failing over and over until I nally saw

the simplicity of it all. In Chris’s book, as well as other textbooks I had used, it was clear that a lot of theory, and

even more math, went into creating the relational model.

If you want a deep understanding or relational theory, Chris’s book is essential reading, along with lots

of other books (Database Debunkings, www.dbdebunk.com/books.html, is a good place to start looking for

more titles). he problem is that most of these books have far more theory than the average practitioner wants

(or will take the time to read), and they don’t really get into the actual implementation on an actual database

system. My book’s goal is simply to ll that void and bridge the gap between academic textbooks and the purely

implementation-oriented books that are commonly written on SQL Server. My intention is not to knock those

books, not at all—I have numerous versions of those types of books on my shelf. his book is more of a technique-

oriented book than a how-to book teaching you the features of SQL Server. I will cover many the most typical

features of the relational engine, giving you techniques to work with. I can’t, however, promise that this will be the

only book you need on your shelf.

If you have previous editions of this book, you might question why you need this next edition, and I ask

myself that every time I sit down to work on the next edition. You might guess that the best reason is that I cover

the new SQL Server 2012 features. Clearly that is a part of it, but the base features in the relational engine that

you need to know to design and implement most databases is not changing tremendously over time. Under

the covers, the engine has taken more leaps, and hardware has continued up and up as the years progress. he

biggest changes to SQL Server 2012 for the relational programmer lie in some of the T-SQL language features, like

windowing functions that come heavily into play for the programmer that will interact with your freshly designed

and loaded databases.

No, the best reason to buy the latest version of the book is that I continue to work hard to come up with new

content to make your job easier. I’ve reworked the chapter on normalization to be easier to understand, added

quite a few more patterns of development to Chapter 7, included a walkthrough of the development process

(including testing) in Chapter 6, some discussion about the diferent add-ins you can use to enhance your

databases, and generally attempted to improve the entire book throughout to be more concise (without losing the

folksy charm, naturally). Finally, I added a chapter about data warehousing, written by a great friend and fellow

MVP Jessica Moss.

xxvii

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