TC - Turkish Language Lessons 6.pdf - beginner lessons - jasminmariusz

TC Turkish Language Lessons

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Date and Time

1. Time

Let's start with simple dialogue sentences about time, the question and different answers.

Time - English

Turkish (Parantheses for explanation only)

What time is it?

Saat kaç?

It is ten o'clock.

Saat on (10).

It is five past ten.

Saat onu (10i) be (5) geçiyor.

It is five past five.

Saat bei (5i) be (5) geçiyor.

It is five past six.

Saat altıyı (6[y]i) be (5) geçiyor.

It is five past three.

Saat üçü (3i) be (5) geçiyor.

It is quarter past ten.

Saat onu (10i) çeyrek (quarter) geçiyor.

It is ten twenty.

Saat onu (10i) yirmi (20) geçiyor.

It is half past ten.

Saat on (10) buçuk (half).

It is ten thirty five.

Saat on bire (11e) yirmi be (25) var.

It is ten forty.

Saat on bire (11e) yirmi (20) var.

It is quarter to eleven.

Saat on bire (11e) çeyrek (quarter) var.

It is ten to eleven.

Saat on bire (11e) on (10) var.

It is eleven.

Saat on bir (11).

Now, time to explain the words and phrases used in this table. Let's start with the question, ' Saat kaç? '. Word by word:

Saat > Hour

Kaç > How many

It is not perfectly logical, but the question sentence used for asking the time is ' Saat kaç? '. Then, you may say, how do you

ask how many hours? To say ' How many hours? ' you would say ' Kaç saat? '. ' Saat kaç? ' is a special phrase for asking the

time which otherwise would not be very meaningful. More or less the same is true for the answer. The best thing is to try

to learn the main phrase instead of trying to learn the logic, because the logic used here does not apply to other cases in the

language. You basically say " Saat xxx .".

From the exact hour to half past, you say the time as minutes past hour . From half past to the next hour, convention is to

sat the time as minutes to hour .

The word for past is ' geçiyor '.

The word for to is ' var '.

The word for half is ' buçuk '.

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The word for quarter is ' çeyrek '.

The general phrase for " It is minutes past hours" is:

Saat hours i minutes geçiyor . (Note the vowel harmony rules for the suffix i)

And the general phrase for " It is minutes to hours" is:

Saat hours e minutes var . (Note the vowel harmony rules for the suffix e)

2. Date

Let's start with the days of the week and months:

English

Turkish

Days of the week

Sunday

Pazar

Monday

Pazartesi

Tuesday

Salı

Wednesday

Çaramba

Thursday

Perembe

Friday

Cuma

Saturday

Cumartesi

Months

January

Ocak

February

ubat

March

Mart

April

Nisan

May

Mayıs

June

Haziran

July

Temmuz

August

Ağustos

September

Eylül

October

Ekim

November

Kasım

December

Aralık

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2.1. Day of the week

A simple conversation about the day of the week would be like the following:

English

Turkish

A. What's the day?

A. Bugün günlerden ne?

B1. Today is Monday.

B1. Bugün günlerden

pazartesi.

B2. Monday.

B2. Pazartesi.

Let's examine the parts of the question sentence first:

bu > this

gün > day

bugün > today

günler > days

günlerden > from the days (also means among the days)

ne > what

Putting all these words together, the direct translation of 'Bugün günlerden ne?' would be 'Today among the days what?'.

Funny? That's the way you ask the day of the week. After these explanations and translations, the answer sentence should

be clear.

2.2. Whole Date

To ask the date, you say:

Bugünün tarihi ne?

14 Temmuz 2004.

Vocabulary:

bugün > today

tarih > date

bugünün tarihi > today's date

ne > what

Using these, the direct translation of the question sentence would be: ' Today's date what ? '. Actually, this is how you form

a regular question sentence in Turkish. You shouldn't worry about this yet, we'll cover it later in another lesson.

The answer doesn't need much explanation. The day number, followed by month's name, and finally the year. The day

number and the year are both read as a regular numbers. For reading years, it is always read as a whole as a single number.

Years are never read as two parts like it is done in English in the case of 1996 (nineteen ninety six). The way you read this

year in Turkish would be ' bin dokuz yüz doksan altı ' (one thousand nine hundred ninety six).

3. Seasons

Let's see the words used for seasons in Turkish:

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TC Turkish Language Lessons

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English

Turkish

spring

bahar or ilkbahar

summer

yaz

fall, autumn

sonbahar or güz

winter

kı

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