bash Cookbook (2007).pdf

bash Cookbook ™

Carl Albing, JP Vossen, and Cameron Newham

Beijing • Cambridge • Farnham • Köln • Paris • Sebastopol • Taipei • Tokyo

bash Cookbook ™

by Carl Albing, JP Vossen, and Cameron Newham

Printed in the United States of America.

Published by O’Reilly Media, Inc., 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol, CA 95472.

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Interior Designer: David Futato

Illustrators: Robert Romano and Jessamyn Read

Printing History:

May 2007:

First Edition.

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information contained herein.

This book uses RepKover ™ , a durable and flexible lay-flat binding.

ISBN 10: 0-596-52678-4

ISNB 13: 978-0-596-52678-8

[M]

Table of Contents

Preface

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii

1. Beginning bash

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.1 Decoding the Prompt

1.2 Showing Where You Are

1.3 Finding and Running Commands

1.4 Getting Information About Files

1.5 Showing All Hidden (dot) Files in the Current Directory

1.6 Using Shell Quoting

1.7 Using or Replacing Built-ins and External Commands

1.8 Determining If You Are Running Interactively

1.9 Setting bash As Your Default Shell

1.10 Getting bash for Linux

1.11 Getting bash for xBSD

1.12 Getting bash for Mac OS X

1.13 Getting bash for Unix

1.14 Getting bash for Windows

1.15 Getting bash Without Getting bash

1.16 Learning More About bash Documentation

2. Standard Output

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.1 Writing Output to the Terminal/Window

2.2 Writing Output but Preserving Spacing

2.3 Writing Output with More Formatting Control

2.4 Writing Output Without the Newline

2.5 Saving Output from a Command

2.6 Saving Output to Other Files

iii

2.7 Saving Output from the ls Command

2.8 Sending Both Output and Error Messages to Different Files

2.9 Sending Both Output and Error Messages to the Same File

2.10 Appending Rather Than Clobbering Output

2.11 Using Just the Beginning or End of a File

2.12 Skipping a Header in a File

2.13 Throwing Output Away

2.14 Saving or Grouping Output from Several Commands

2.15 Connecting Two Programs by Using Output As Input

2.16 Saving a Copy of Output Even While Using It As Input

2.17 Connecting Two Programs by Using Output As Arguments

2.18 Using Multiple Redirects on One Line

2.19 Saving Output When Redirect Doesn’t Seem to Work

2.20 Swapping STDERR and STDOUT

2.21 Keeping Files Safe from Accidental Overwriting

2.22 Clobbering a File on Purpose

3. Standard Input

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.1 Getting Input from a File

3.2 Keeping Your Data with Your Script

3.3 Preventing Weird Behavior in a Here-Document

3.4 Indenting Here-Documents

3.5 Getting User Input

3.6 Getting Yes or No Input

3.7 Selecting from a List of Options

3.8 Prompting for a Password

4. Executing Commands

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.1 Running Any Executable

4.2 Telling If a Command Succeeded or Not

4.3 Running Several Commands in Sequence

4.4 Running Several Commands All at Once

4.5 Deciding Whether a Command Succeeds

4.6 Using Fewer if Statements

4.7 Running Long Jobs Unattended

4.8 Displaying Error Messages When Failures Occur

4.9 Running Commands from a Variable

4.10 Running All Scripts in a Directory

Table of Contents

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