Hartranft__Sanskrit_to_English.pdf

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The Yoga-Sûtra of Patañjali

Sanskrit-English Translation & Glossary

Chip Hartranft

Table of contents

Sanskrit pronunciation guide

Page 3

Sanskrit-English translation

Sanskrit-English glossary

Bibliography

About the author

Sanskrit Pronunciation Guide

Sanskrit’s breadth of expression comes in part from using the entire mouth for

pronunciation, and from elongating accented vowels. With an alphabet of 49

letters, it has several different versions of familiar sounds such as ‘n’ and ‘s’, each

issuing from a different part of the mouth. For this reason, diacritical marks are

generally used to indicate how and where a consonant or vowel should be

sounded.

pronounced like ‘a’ in america

pronounced like ‘i’ in liter

pronounced like ‘u’ in dude

pronounced like ‘e’ in grey

ai, ay

pronounced like ‘ai’ in aisle

pronounced like ‘o’ in over

pronounced like ‘ow’ in cow

â, î, û, ê, âi, âu

prolonged for two beats instead of one

k, kh, g, gh, ò

gutturals , arising from the throat

c, ch, j, jh, õ

palatals , arising from the back of the palate

ø, øh, è, èh, ñ

cerebrals , with tongue touching the roof of the mouth

t, th, d, dh, n

dentals , with tongue touching the back of the teeth

p, ph, b, bh, m

labials , arising from the lips

palatal , always pronounced like ‘ch’ in chop

cerebral , pronounced like ‘ri’ in rip

palatal , pronounced like ‘sh’ in shout

cerebral , pronounced like ‘sh’ in leash

pronounced like ‘ni’ in onion

pronounced like ‘n’ in uncle

jõ

pronounced like ‘gn’ in igneous

h alone

pronounced like ‘h’ in hot

a soft echo of the preceding vowel

h after a consonant

extra breath after the consonant (in Sanskrit there are

no compound sounds like ‘th’ in thief or ‘ph’ in phone )

The Yoga-Sûtra in Sanskrit-English Translation

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Samâdhi-pâdaï

I. Integration

I.1 Ç¨ æËíŸ"‹ÀŸ–"ºÎ

atha yogânuåâsanam

atha = now

yoga = process of yoking; union

ânuåâsanam = teaching, exposition

Now, the teachings of yoga .

I.2 æËí⁄Ã#%$‡⁄%⁄"¿Ë!Å

yogaå citta-vëtti-nirodhaï

yogaï = process of yoking; union

citta = consciousness

vëtti = patterning, turnings, movements

nirodhaï = stilling, cessation, restriction

Yoga is to still the patterning of consciousness.

I.3 ™ÆŸ Æ˙œ¢‹Å —$¬¥‰É$—¨Ÿ"ºÎ

tadâ draæøuï svarûpe ‘vasthânam

tadâ = then

draæøuï = seer, witness, pure awareness

svarûpe = own essence, identity

avasthânam = state of abiding

Then, pure awareness can abide in its very nature.

I.4 $‡⁄%–Ÿ¬µæ⁄º™¿&

vëtti-sârûpyam itaratra

vëtti = patterning, turnings, movements

sârûpyam = identification, conformity

itaratra = otherwise

Otherwise, awareness takes itself to be the patterns of consciousness.

I.5 $‡%æÅ ¥°ò™øæÅ ⁄èƒœ¢Ÿ⁄èƒœ¢ŸÅ

vëttayaï paõcatayyaï kliæøâkliæøâï

vëttayaï = patterning, turnings, movements

paõcatayyaï = fivefold

kliæøa = hurtful

akliæøâï = benign

There are five types of patterns, including both hurtful and benign.

I.6 ¥˘º"⁄$¥æ@æ⁄$é%¥⁄"Æ˙Ÿ—º‡™æÅ

pramâña-viparyaya-vikalpa-nidrâ-smëtayaï

pramâña = right perception

viparyaya = misperception, error

vikalpa = conceptualization

nidrâ = sleep

smëtayaï = memory, remembering

They are right perception, misperception, conceptualization, deep sleep, and remembering.

I.7 ¥˘´æ’Ÿ"‹ºŸ"ŸíºŸÅ ¥˘ºŸ®Ÿ⁄"

pratyakæânumânâgamâï pramâñâni

pratyakæa = percept, sensory input

anumâna = inference

âgamâï = testimony from a teacher or traditional texts

pramâñâni = accurate perception

Right perception arises from direct observation, inference, or the words of others.

I.8 ⁄$¥æ@æË ⁄º&æŸ'Ÿ"º™Æ˙ﬂ¥¥˘⁄™œ§ºÎ

viparyayo mithyâjõânam atad-r¯upa-pratiæøham

viparyayaï = misperception, error

mithyâ = false

jõânam = knowledge

atad = not that

r¯upa = form

pratiæøham = based on

Misperception is false knowledge, not based on what actually is.

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