Харченко Проектирование встроенных систем на микроконтроллерах STMicroelectronics.pdf

ɣɿʄɿʈʉɼʇʈʉɹʅ ʅɸʇɷɾʅɹɷʄɿʖ ɿ ʄɷʊʁɿ ɪʁʇɷɿʄʒ

ɤɷʍɿʅʄɷʂʓʄʒʀ ɷʔʇʅʁʅʈʃɿʎɼʈʁɿʀ ʊʄɿɹɼʇʈɿʉɼʉ

ɿʃ . ɤ . ɜ . ɝʊʁʅɹʈʁʅɺʅ « ɬɗɟ »

ɦʇʅɼʁʉɿʇʅɹɷʄɿɼ ɹʈʉʇʅɼʄʄʒʌ ʈɿʈʉɼʃ

ʄɷ ʃɿʁʇʅʁʅʄʉʇʅʂʂɼʇɷʌ STMicroelectronics

2008

ɣɿʄɿʈʉɼʇʈʉɹʅ ʅɸʇɷɾʅɹɷʄɿʖ ɿ ʄɷʊʁɿ ɪʁʇɷɿʄʒ

ɤɷʍɿʅʄɷʂʓʄʒʀ ɷʔʇʅʁʅʈʃɿʎɼʈʁɿʀ ʊʄɿɹɼʇʈɿʉɼʉ

ɿʃ. ɤ.ɜ. ɝʊʁʅɹʈʁʅɺʅ «ɬɗɟ»

ɘɷɸɼʏʁʅ ɜ . ə ., ɝɼʂʉʊʌɿʄ ɗ . ə ., ɡʊʂɷʄʅɹ ə . ɗ ., ɣɷɾʊʇɼʄʁʅ ɗ . ə ., ɣʆɷʄɻʅ ɦ .,

ɥʇɼʌʅɹ ɗ . ɗ ., ɬɷʇʎɼʄʁʅ ə . ɨ ., ɶʄʅɹʈʁɿʀ ɣ . ɴ .

ɦʇʅɼʁʉɿʇʅɹɷʄɿɼ ɹʈʉʇʅɼʄʄʒʌ ʈɿʈʉɼʃ

ʄɷ ʃɿʁʇʅʁʅʄʉʇʅʂʂɼʇɷʌ STMicroelectronics

ɦʅɻ ʇɼɻɷʁʍɿɼʀ ɬɷʇʎɼʄʁʅ ə . ɨ ., ɥʇɼʌʅɹɷ ɗ . ɗ .

ɪʎɼɸʄʅɼ ʆʅʈʅɸɿɼ

2008

ɪɛɡ 627.03

ɗɹʉʅʇʒ: ɘɷɸɼʏʁʅ ɜ.ə., ɝɼʂʉʊʌɿʄ ɗ.ə., ɡʊʂɷʄʅɹ ə.ɗ., ɣɷɾʊʇɼʄʁʅ ɗ.ə.,

ɣʆɷʄɻʅ ɦ., ɥʇɼʌʅɹ ɗ.ɗ., ɬɷʇʎɼʄʁʅ ə.ɨ., ɶʄʅɹʈʁɿʀ ɣ.ɴ. ɦʇʅɼʁʉɿʇʅɹɷʄɿɼ

ɹʈʉʇʅɼʄʄʒʌ ʈɿʈʉɼʃ ʄɷ ʃɿʁʇʅʁʅʄʉʇʅʂʂɼʇɷʌ STMicroelectronics / ɦʅɻ

ʇɼɻ. ɬɷʇʎɼʄʁʅ ə.ɨ., ɥʇɼʌʅɹɷ ɗ.ɗ. - ɣɿʄɿʈʉɼʇʈʉɹʅ ʅɸʇɷɾʅɹɷʄɿʖ ɿ ʄɷʊʁɿ ɪʁ-

ʇɷɿʄʒ, ɤɷʍɿʅʄɷʂʓʄʒʀ ɷʔʇʅʁʅʈʃɿʎɼʈʁɿʀ ʊʄɿɹɼʇʈɿʉɼʉ ɿʃ. ɤ.ɜ. ɝʊʁʅɹʈʁʅɺʅ

«ɬɗɟ», 2007. – 197 ʈ.

ISBN 978-966-2982-32-9

ɟɾʂʅɽɼʄʒ ʃɼʉʅɻɿʎɼʈʁɿɼ ɿ ɿʄʈʉʇʊʃɼʄʉɷʂʓʄʒɼ ɷʈʆɼʁʉʒ ʆʇʅɼʁʉɿʇʅɹɷʄɿʖ

ʈɿʈʉɼʃ ʄɷ 8-ʃɿ ʇɷɾʇʖɻʄʒʌ ʃɿʁʇʅʁʅʄʉʇʅʂʂɼʇɷʌ STMicroelectronics (STM).

ɦʇʅɷʄɷʂɿɾɿʇʅɹɷʄʒ ʈɼʃɼʀʈʉɹɷ ʃɿʁʇʅʁʅʄʉʇʅʂʂɼʇʅɹ STM. ɧɷʈʈʃʅʉʇɼʄɷ ɷʇʌɿ-

ʉɼʁʉʊʇɷ ʃɿʁʇʅʁʅʄʉʇʅʂʂɼʇɷ ST7, ʈɿʈʉɼʃɷ ʁʅʃɷʄɻ, ʇɷɸʅʉɷ ʈ ʆɼʇɿʋɼʇɿʀʄʒʃɿ

ʊʈʉʇʅʀʈʉɹɷʃɿ ɿ ʅɸʂɷʈʉɿ ɼɺʅ ʆʇɿʃɼʄɼʄɿʖ. ɟɾʂʅɽɼʄʒ ɹʅʆʇʅʈʒ ʇɷɾʇɷɸʅʉʁɿ

ʆʇʅɺʇɷʃʃʄʅɺʅ ʅɸɼʈʆɼʎɼʄɿʖ ɿ ʇɷɸʅʉʒ ɹ ɿʄʈʉʇʊʃɼʄʉɷʂʓʄʅʀ ʈʇɼɻɼ. ɦʇɿɹʅɻʖʉ-

ʈʖ ʆʇɿʃɼʇʒ ʆʇʅɼʁʉɿʇʅɹɷʄɿʖ ʇɼɷʂʓʄʒʌ ʍɿʋʇʅɹʒʌ ʈɿʈʉɼʃ ʁʅʄʉʇʅʂʖ ɿ ʊʆʇɷɹ-

ʂɼʄɿʖ ʈ ɿʈʆʅʂʓɾʅɹɷʄɿɼʃ ʃɿʁʇʅʁʅʄʉʇʅʂʂɼʇɷ ST7.

ɦʇɼɻʄɷɾʄɷʎɷɼʉʈʖ ɻʂʖ ʈʉʊɻɼʄʉʅɹ, ʅɸʊʎɷʕʐɿʌʈʖ ʆʅ ʄɷʆʇɷɹʂɼʄɿʖʃ «ɡʅʃ-

ʆʓʕʉɼʇʄɷʖ ɿʄɽɼʄɼʇɿʖ», «ɧɷɻɿʅʔʂɼʁʉʇʅʄʄʒɼ ɷʆʆɷʇɷʉʒ», «ɗɹɿɷʍɿʖ ɿ ʁʅʈʃʅ-

ʄɷɹʉɿʁɷ» ɿ ɻʇ., ɿ ʖɹʂʖɼʉʈʖ ʆʇɷʁʉɿʎɼʈʁɿʃ ʇʊʁʅɹʅɻʈʉɹʅʃ ʆʅ ʇɷɾʇɷɸʅʉʁɼ ʍɿʋ-

ʇʅɹʒʌ ʈɿʈʉɼʃ ʄɷ ʃɿʁʇʅʁʅʄʉʇʅʂʂɼʇɷʌ ST7. ɥʄɷ ʃʅɽɼʉ ɸʒʉʓ ʆʅʂɼɾʄɷ ɷʈʆɿ-

ʇɷʄʉɷʃ ɿ ʆʇɼʆʅɻɷɹɷʉɼʂʖʃ ʊʄɿɹɼʇʈɿʉɼʉʅɹ, ʈʆɼʍɿɷʂɿʈʉɷʃ ɹ ʅɸʂɷʈʉɿ ʆʇʅɼʁ-

ʉɿʇʅɹɷʄɿʖ ʈʆɼʍɿɷʂɿɾɿʇʅɹɷʄʄʒʌ ʁʅʃʆʓʕʉɼʇʄʒʌ ʈɿʈʉɼʃ ɿ ɹʈʉʇʅɼʄʄʒʌ ʆʇɿ-

ʂʅɽɼʄɿʀ.

ɘɿɸʂ. – 40 ʄɷɿʃɼʄʅɹɷʄɿʖ, ʇɿʈʊʄʁʅɹ – 96, ʉɷɸʂɿʍ – 27.

ɧɼʍɼʄɾɼʄʉʒ:

- ɻ.ʉ.ʄ., ʆʇʅʋɼʈʈʅʇ ɬɷʌɷʄʅɹ əʂɷɻɿʃɿʇ ɟɹɷʄʅɹɿʎ, ʁɷʋɼɻʇɷ ɷɹʉʅʃɷʉɿ-

ɾɷʍɿɿ ʆʇʅɼʁʉɿʇʅɹɷʄɿʖ ɹʒʎɿʈʂɿʉɼʂʓʄʅʀ ʉɼʌʄɿʁɿ ɬɷʇʓʁʅɹʈʁʅɺʅ ɤɷʍɿʅʄɷʂʓʄʅ-

ɺʅ ʊʄɿɹɼʇʈɿʉɼʉɷ ʇɷɻɿʅʔʂɼʁʉʇʅʄɿʁɿ;

- ɻ.ʉ.ʄ., ʆʇʅʋɼʈʈʅʇ ɫʊʇʃɷʄ ɟʂʓʖ ɗʂɼʁʈɷʄɻʇʅɹɿʎ, ʁɷʋɼɻʇɷ ɷɹʉʅʃɷʉɿ-

ɾɷʍɿɿ ɿ ʁʅʃʆʓʕʉɼʇʄʒʌ ʉɼʌʄʅʂʅɺɿʀ ɬɷʇʓʁʅɹʈʁʅɺʅ ɤɷʍɿʅʄɷʂʓʄʅɺʅ ʉɼʌʄɿʎɼ-

ʈʁʅɺʅ ʊʄɿɹɼʇʈɿʉɼʉɷ ʈɼʂʓʈʁʅɺʅ ʌʅɾʖʀʈʉɹɷ.

ɡʄɿɺɷ ʇɼʁʅʃɼʄɻʅɹɷʄɷ ʁ ɿɾɻɷʄɿʕ:

- ʊʎɼʄʒʃ ʈʅɹɼʉʅʃ ɤɷʍɿʅʄɷʂʓʄʅɺʅ ɷʔʇʅʁʅʈʃɿʎɼʈʁʅɺʅ ʊʄɿɹɼʇʈɿʉɼʉɷ ɿʃɼʄɿ

ɤ.ɜ.ɝʊʁʅɹʈʁʅɺʅ «ɬɷʇʓʁʅɹʈʁɿʀ ɷɹɿɷʍɿʅʄʄʒʀ ɿʄʈʉɿʉʊʉ» (ʆʇʅʉʅʁʅʂ ʨ 6 ʅʉ 27

ʋɼɹʇɷʂʖ 2008 ɺʅɻɷ).

ɨʅɻɼʇɽɷʄɿɼ

ɨʆɿʈʅʁ ʈʅʁʇɷʐɼʄɿʀ ................................................................................. 6

ɦʇɼɻɿʈʂʅɹɿɼ............................................................................................ 7

əɹɼɻɼʄɿɼ. ɥɸʐɷʖ ʌɷʇɷʁʉɼʇɿʈʉɿʁɷ ʉɼʌʄʅʂʅɺɿʀ STMicroelectronics ..... 11

ə.1 ɧɷɾɹɿʉɿɼ ʁʅʇʆʅʇɷʍɿɿ STMicroelectronics................................... 11

ə.2 ɦʇʅɿɾɹʅɻɿʃɷʖ ʆʇʅɻʊʁʍɿʖ ɿ ʆʇʅɿɾɹʅɻʈʉɹɼʄʄʒɼ ʃʅʐʄʅʈʉɿ....... 12

ə.3 ɟʈʈʂɼɻʅɹɷʉɼʂʓʈʁɿɼ ʆʇʅɺʇɷʃʃʒ ɿ ʇɼɾʊʂʓʉɷʉʒ .......................... 13

ə.4 ɦʇʅʃʒʏʂɼʄʄʅɼ ʆɷʇʉʄɼʇʈʉɹʅ...................................................... 14

ə.5 ɥɸʇɷɾʅɹɷʉɼʂʓʄɷʖ ɿ ʉɼʌʄɿʎɼʈʁɷʖ ʆʇʅɺʇɷʃʃɷ ɹ ʅɸʂɷʈʉɿ

ʃɿʁʇʅʔʂɼʁʉʇʅʄɿʁɿ ............................................................................. 16

ɧɷɾɻɼʂ 1. ɥɸɾʅʇ ʈɼʃɼʀʈʉɹɷ ST7 ........................................................... 18

1.1. ɣɼʈʉʅ ST7 ɹ ʂɿʄɼʀʁɼ ʃɿʁʇʅʁʅʄʉʇʅʂʂɼʇʅɹ ............................... 18

1.2. ɨɿʈʉɼʃɷ ʅɸʅɾʄɷʎɼʄɿʀ ST7 ........................................................ 20

1.3. ɗʇʌɿʉɼʁʉʊʇɷ ST7 ........................................................................ 21

1.3.1. ɶɻʇʅ ................................................................................ 21

1.3.2. ɗɻʇɼʈʄʅɼ ʆʇʅʈʉʇɷʄʈʉɹʅ.................................................. 22

1.3.3. əʄʊʉʇɼʄʄɿɼ ʇɼɺɿʈʉʇʒ ..................................................... 23

1.3.4. ɧɷɸʅʉɷ ʈʅ ʈʉɼʁʅʃ ............................................................ 26

1.3.5. ɦɷʃʖʉʓ............................................................................. 27

1.4. ɧɼɽɿʃʒ ɷɻʇɼʈɷʍɿɿ.................................................................... 28

1.4.1. ɦɼʇɼʎɼʄʓ ʇɼɽɿʃʅɹ ɷɻʇɼʈɷʍɿɿ....................................... 28

1.4.2. ɗɻʇɼʈɷʍɿʖ ʁʅɻʅʃ ʁʅʃɷʄɻʒ ɿʂɿ ɸɼɾɷɻʇɼʈʄʒʀ ʇɼɽɿʃ ... 28

1.4.3. ɤɼʆʅʈʇɼɻʈʉɹɼʄʄɷʖ ɷɻʇɼʈɷʍɿʖ ....................................... 29

1.4.4. ɦʇʖʃɷʖ ɷɻʇɼʈɷʍɿʖ.......................................................... 30

1.4.5. ɟʄɻɼʁʈɿʇʅɹɷʄʄɷʖ ɷɻʇɼʈɷʍɿʖ......................................... 31

1.4.6. ɡʅʈɹɼʄʄɷʖ ɷɻʇɼʈɷʍɿʖ..................................................... 33

1.4.7. ɥʉʄʅʈɿʉɼʂʓʄɷʖ ɷɻʇɼʈɷʍɿʖ............................................. 35

1.5. ɨɿʈʉɼʃɷ ʁʅʃɷʄɻ......................................................................... 36

1.6. ɦɼʇɿʋɼʇɿʀʄʒɼ ʊʈʉʇʅʀʈʉɹɷ....................................................... 38

1.6.1. ɦɷʇɷʂʂɼʂʓʄʒɼ ʆʅʇʉʒ ɹɹʅɻɷ-ɹʒɹʅɻɷ............................. 39

1.6.2. ɦʅʈʂɼɻʅɹɷʉɼʂʓʄʒʀ ɿʄʉɼʇʋɼʀʈ SCI ............................... 40

1.6.3. ɦʅʈʂɼɻʅɹɷʉɼʂʓʄʒʀ ʆʅʇʉ SPI.......................................... 40

1.6.4. ɗɭɦ.................................................................................. 42

1.6.5. 16-ʇɷɾʇʖɻʄʒʀ ʉɷʀʃɼʇ..................................................... 44

1.6.6. ɨʉʅʇʅɽɼɹʅʀ ʉɷʀʃɼʇ........................................................ 44

1.6.7. ɘʂʅʁ ʅɸʇɷɸʅʉʁɿ ʆʇɼʇʒɹɷʄɿʀ.......................................... 45

1.6.8. ɦʅɻɻɼʇɽɿɹɷɼʃʒɼ ɿʄʉɼʇʋɼʀʈʒ...................................... 47

1.7. ɥɸʂɷʈʉɿ ʆʇɿʃɼʄɼʄɿʖ................................................................. 48

ɡʅʄʉʇʅʂʓʄʒɼ ɹʅʆʇʅʈʒ....................................................................... 50

ɧɷɾɻɼʂ 2. ɧɷɾʇɷɸʅʉʁɷ ʆʇʅɺʇɷʃʃʄʅɺʅ ʅɸɼʈʆɼʎɼʄɿʖ.............................. 51

2.1. ɦʇʅɺʇɷʃʃɿʇʅɹɷʄɿɼ ʄɷ ʖɾʒʁɼ ɷʈʈɼʃɸʂɼʇɷ ............................... 51

2.1.1. ɡʅɺɻɷ ʄɷɻʅ ɿʈʆʅʂʓɾʅɹɷʉʓ ʖɾʒʁ ɷʈʈɼʃɸʂɼʇɷ.................. 51

2.1.2. ɦʇʅʍɼʈʈ ʄɷʆɿʈɷʄɿʖ ʆʇʅɺʇɷʃʃʄʅɺʅ ʁʅɻɷ ʄɷ ʖɾʒʁɼ

ɷʈʈɼʃɸʂɼʇɷ ............................................................................... 52

2.1.3. ɶɾʒʁ ɷʈʈɼʃɸʂɼʇɷ............................................................ 53

2.1.4. ɗʈʈɼʃɸʂɼʇ ST7 ............................................................... 56

2.2. əɹɼɻɼʄɿɼ ɹ ɿʄʉɼɺʇɿʇʅɹɷʄʄʊʕ ʈʇɼɻʊ ʇɷɾʇɷɸʅʉʁɿ

ST7 Visual Developer.......................................................................... 66

2.2.1. ɪʈʉɷʄʅɹʁɷ ʈʇɼɻʒ............................................................. 66

2.2.2. ɥɸʐɷʖ ʌɷʇɷʁʉɼʇɿʈʉɿʁɷ ʈʇɼɻʒ........................................ 69

2.2.3. ɞɷʆʊʈʁ ʈʇɼɻʒ ʄɷ ɹʒʆʅʂʄɼʄɿɼ ɿ ʈʅɾɻɷʄɿɼ ʆʇʅɼʁʉɷ ....... 70

2.2.4. ɩɼʈʉɿʇʅɹɷʄɿɼ ɿ ʅʉʂɷɻʁɷ ʆʇʅɺʇɷʃʃ................................ 73

2.2.5. ɞʄɷʁʅʃʈʉɹʅ ʈ ʃɼʄʕ......................................................... 74

ɡʅʄʉʇʅʂʓʄʒɼ ɹʅʆʇʅʈʒ....................................................................... 82

ɧɷɾɻɼʂ 3. ɦʇʅɼʁʉɿʇʅɹɷʄɿɼ ʊʈʉʇʅʀʈʉɹɷ ʁʅʄʉʇʅʂʖ ʈʅʈʉʅʖʄɿʖ

ɷɹʉʅʃʅɸɿʂʓʄʅɺʅ ʆʅɻʑɼʃʄɿʁɷ ʄɷ ʅʈʄʅɹɼ ʃɿʁʇʅʁʅʄʉʇʅʂʂɼʇɷ

ʈɼʇɿɿ ST7 ............................................................................................... 83

3.1. ɥʆɿʈɷʄɿɼ ʊʈʉʇʅʀʈʉɹɷ ................................................................ 83

3.2. ɩɼʌʄɿʎɼʈʁʅɼ ɾɷɻɷʄɿɼ ʄɷ ʇɷɾʇɷɸʅʉʁʊ ʊʈʉʇʅʀʈʉɹɷ ʁʅʄʉʇʅʂʖ

ʈʅʈʉʅʖʄɿʖ ɷɹʉʅʃʅɸɿʂʓʄʅɺʅ ʆʅɻʑɼʃʄɿʁɷ.......................................... 84

3.2.1. ɤɷɿʃɼʄʅɹɷʄɿɼ ʇɷɸʅʉʒ ɿ ʅʈʄʅɹɷʄɿʖ ɻʂʖ ɹʒʆʅʂʄɼʄɿʖ

ʇɷɸʅʉʒ....................................................................................... 84

3.2.2. ɭɼʂʓ ɹʒʆʅʂʄɼʄɿʖ ʇɷɸʅʉʒ. ɤɷɿʃɼʄʅɹɷʄɿɼ ɿ

ʄɷɾʄɷʎɼʄɿɼ ʅɸʇɷɾʍɷ ................................................................. 84

3.2.3. ɩɷʁʉɿʁʅ-ʉɼʌʄɿʎɼʈʁɿɼ ʉʇɼɸʅɹɷʄɿʖ ʁ ʊʈʉʇʅʀʈʉɹʊ ɿ

ʆʇʅɺʇɷʃʃʄʅʃʊ ʅɸɼʈʆɼʎɼʄɿʕ.................................................... 85

3.2.4. ɩʇɼɸʅɹɷʄɿʖ ʁ ʃɷʉɼʇɿɷʂɷʃ ɿ ʁʅʃʆʂɼʁʉʊʕʐɿʃ

ɿɾɻɼʂɿʖʃ .................................................................................. 90

3.2.5. ɴʉɷʆʒ ɹʒʆʅʂʄɼʄɿʖ ʇɷɸʅʉʒ ............................................ 90

3.3. ɧɷɾʇɷɸʅʉʁɷ ʈʉʇʊʁʉʊʇʄʅʀ ʈʌɼʃʒ ɿ ɷʂɺʅʇɿʉʃɷ

ʋʊʄʁʍɿʅʄɿʇʅɹɷʄɿʖ ʊʈʉʇʅʀʈʉɹɷ ʁʅʄʉʇʅʂʖ ʈʅʈʉʅʖʄɿʖ

ɷɹʉʅʃʅɸɿʂʓʄʅɺʅ ʆʅɻʑɼʃʄɿʁɷ. əʒɸʅʇ ʉɿʆʅɹ ɻɷʉʎɿʁʅɹ ɿ

ɿʈʆʅʂʄɿʉɼʂʓʄʒʌ ʊʈʉʇʅʀʈʉɹ............................................................... 91

3.4. ɧɷɾʇɷɸʅʉʁɷ ʋʊʄʁʍɿʅʄɷʂʓʄʅʀ ʈʌɼʃʒ ʊʈʉʇʅʀʈʉɹɷ ʁʅʄʉʇʅʂʖ

ʈʅʈʉʅʖʄɿʖ ɷɹʉʅʃʅɸɿʂʓʄʅɺʅ ʆʅɻʑɼʃʄɿʁɷ. ......................................... 94

3.5. əʒɸʅʇ ʔʂɼʃɼʄʉʄʅʀ ɸɷɾʒ ɿ ʇɷɾʇɷɸʅʉʁɷ ʈʌɼʃʒ

ʔʂɼʁʉʇɿʎɼʈʁʅʀ ʆʇɿʄʍɿʆɿɷʂʓʄʅʀ ʊʈʉʇʅʀʈʉɹɷ ʁʅʄʉʇʅʂʖ

ʈʅʈʉʅʖʄɿʖ ɷɹʉʅʃʅɸɿʂʓʄʅɺʅ ʆʅɻʑɼʃʄɿʁɷ. ......................................... 96

3.6. ɧɷɾʇɷɸʅʉʁɷ ʊʆʇɷɹʂʖʕʐɼʀ ʆʇʅɺʇɷʃʃʒ ʃɿʁʇʅʁʅʄʉʇʅʂʂɼʇɷ.... 108

ɡʅʄʉʇʅʂʓʄʒɼ ɹʅʆʇʅʈʒ..................................................................... 111

ɧɷɾɻɼʂ 4. ɦʇʅɼʁʉɿʇʅɹɷʄɿɼ ɻɹʊʌʁɷʄɷʂʓʄʅʀ ʈɿʈʉɼʃʒ

ʉɼʇʃʅʇɼɺʊʂɿʇʅɹɷʄɿʖ ʄɷ ʅʈʄʅɹɼ ʃɿʁʇʅʁʅʄʉʇʅʂʂɼʇɷ ʈɼʇɿɿ ST7 ........ 112

4.1. ɩɼʌʄɿʎɼʈʁʅɼ ɾɷɻɷʄɿɼ ʄɷ ʇɷɾʇɷɸʅʉʁʊ ɻɹʊʌʁɷʄɷʂʓʄʅɺʅ

ʉɼʇʃʅʇɼɺʊʂʖʉʅʇɷ ............................................................................. 112

4.2. ɧɷɾʇɷɸʅʉʁɷ ʈʉʇʊʁʉʊʇʄʅʀ ʈʌɼʃʒ ɿ ɷʂɺʅʇɿʉʃɷ

ʋʊʄʁʍɿʅʄɿʇʅɹɷʄɿʖ ʉɼʇʃʅʇɼɺʊʂʖʉʅʇɷ. əʒɸʅʇ ʉɿʆʅɹ ɻɷʉʎɿʁʅɹ ɿ

ɿʈʆʅʂʄɿʉɼʂʓʄʒʌ ʊʈʉʇʅʀʈʉɹ............................................................. 113

4.3. əʒɸʅʇ ʔʂɼʃɼʄʉʄʅʀ ɸɷɾʒ ɿ ʇɷɾʇɷɸʅʉʁɷ ʈʌɼʃʒ

ʔʂɼʁʉʇɿʎɼʈʁʅʀ ʆʇɿʄʍɿʆɿɷʂʓʄʅʀ ʉɼʇʃʅʇɼɺʊʂʖʉʅʇɷ........................ 119

4.4. ɧɷɾʇɷɸʅʉʁɷ ʊʆʇɷɹʂʖʕʐɼʀ ʆʇʅɺʇɷʃʃʒ ʃɿʁʇʅʁʅʄʉʇʅʂʂɼʇɷ.... 133

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