Illustrated Guide to the Human Body The Respiratory System.pdf

THE FACTS ON FILE

ILLUSTRATED GUIDE TO

THE HUMAN BODY

RESPIRATORY

THE DIAGRAM GROUP

SYSTEM

The Facts On File Illustrated Guide to the Human Body:

Respiratory System

Editorial:

Lionel Bender, David Harding, Denis Kennedy,

Gordon Lee, Steve Parker, Jamie Stokes

Scientific consultant: Stephen Rudd

Design:

Anthony Atherton, Richard Hummerstone,

Lee Lawrence, Kim Richardson, Ben White

Illustration:

Pavel Kostal, Kathleen McDougall

Picture research:

Neil McKenna

Indexer:

Jane Parker

utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,

including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or

retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher.

For information contact:

Facts On File, Inc.

132 West 31st Street

New York NY 10001

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

The Facts on File illustrated guide to the human body. The respiratory

system / The Diagram Group.

p. cm.

Includes index.

ISBN 0-8160-5983-7 (hc : alk. paper)

1. Respiratory organs. I. Diagram Group.

QP121.F23 2005

612.2—dc22

Note to the reader

This book is not intended

to serve as a medical

textbook for either

physicians or patients.

The information and

advice it contains should

not be used or relied upon

without consulting the

advice of a qualified

physician. The publishers

disclaim any responsibility

for the accuracy of the

information or advice

that this book contains

and any responsibility for

any consequences that

may result from any use or

reliance thereon by

the reader.

2004030423

Set ISBN: 0-8160-5979-9

Facts On File books are available at special discounts when

purchased in bulk quantities for businesses, associations,

institutions, or sales promotions. Please call our Special Sales

Department in New York at 212/967-8800 or 800/322-8755.

You can find Facts On File on the World Wide Web at

http://www.factsonfile.com

Printed in the United States of America

EB Diagram 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

This book is printed on acid-free paper.

Contents

Introduction: About this book

Skeleton of the chest

Chest landmarks

SECTION 1

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Introduction 6

Respiration: key words and diagram 8

Process of respiration 10

Mechanics of breathing 12

Muscles of breathing 14

Blood and nerve supplies 16

Upper and lower respiratory tracts 18

Control of respiration

Trachea

SECTION 4

LUNGS

Introduction 68

Relationship of lungs and heart 70

Lung structure 72

Pleurae 74

Bronchial tree 76

Bronchioles and alveoli 78

Lung functions 80

External and internal respiration 82

Gas exchange in the lungs 84

Blood transport of oxygen 86

Blood transport of carbon dioxide 88

Pulmonary and systemic circulation 90

Lung disorders 1

Aerobic exercises

Respiration and exercises 1

Respiration and exercises 2

Smoking and respiration 1

Smoking and respiration 2

Major respiratory disorders

Allergy-based disorders

Lung disorders 2

SECTION 2

UPPER TRACT

Introduction

SECTION 5

NONRESPIRATORY

Introduction

Pharynx and larynx

Respiratory linings and mucosa

Speech

Nose

Coughs, sneezes, and hiccups

100

Nasal cavity and sinuses

Pharyngeal anatomy

Glossary of the human body

102

Laryngeal anatomy 1

Web sites to visit

108

Laryngeal anatomy 2

Index

109

Upper tract disorders 1

Upper tract disorders 2

SECTION 3

CHEST & AIRWAYS

Introduction

Anatomy of the chest wall

Chest contents and musculature

Introduction

This book is a concise, illustrated guide to the

anatomy, physiology, well-being, and

disorders of the human respiratory system. It

has been written and illustrated specially for

students and laypeople interested in

medicine, health, fitness, and first aid. The

subject is dealt with in clear steps, so that the

reader can steadily acquire a good overall

understanding. Explanatory texts, diagrams,

illustrations, captions, and fact boxes are

combined to help readers grasp important

information at a glance. A glossary of

scientific and jargon words defines medical

terms in everyday language. A list of Web sites

provides links to other relevant sources of

information, and the index enables quick

access to articles.

There are five sections within the book. The

first section surveys the respiratory system and

details the mechanism of breathing. It also

deals with exercises related to respiration and

the ill-effects of smoking. Sections 2, 3, and 4

focus on the major regions of the respiratory

system, from the mouth, nose, and bronchial

tubes, to the lungs and their associated blood

circulation. Section 5 deals with the

nonrespiratory functions of these regions,

especially speech. Within each section, normal

structure and function are followed by the

principles of healthcare and fitness. These are

followed by a survey of the main disorders

and diseases affecting the region. Information

is presented as double-page topics arranged in

subsections.

Human body systems

This book is one of eight

titles in THE FACTS ON

FILE ILLUSTRATED

GUIDE TO THE HUMAN

BODY series, which looks

at each of the major body

systems in turn. Some

of the titles in the series

include more than one

system. The skeletal and

muscular systems, and

the blood and lymphatic

systems, for example,

work in conjunction and

so are treated together.

There is a separate title

for human cells and

genetics, which are the

building blocks and

underlying chemistry of

all body systems.

Skeletal and

Muscular Systems

Brain and

Nervous System

Heart and

Circulatory System

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