Grzimek's Encyclopedia 2nd Ed. - Vol. 7 - Reptiles.pdf

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Grzimek’s
Animal Life Encyclopedia
Second Edition
● ● ● ●
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Grzimek’s
Animal Life Encyclopedia
Second Edition
● ● ● ●
Volume 7
Reptiles
James B. Murphy, Advisory Editor
Neil Schlager, Editor
Joseph E. Trumpey, Chief Scientific Illustrator
Michael Hutchins, Series Editor
In association with the American Zoo and Aquarium Association
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Grzimek’s Animal Life Encyclopedia, Second Edition
Volume 7: Reptiles
Produced by Schlager Group Inc.
Neil Schlager, Editor
Vanessa Torrado-Caputo, Assistant Editor
Project Editor
Melissa C. McDade
Permissions
Margaret Chamberlain
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Kretschmann, Mark Springer
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Young
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Mary Beth Trimper
© 2003 by Gale. Gale is an imprint of The Gale
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Cover photo of green python by JLM
Visuals. Back cover photos of sea anemone
by AP/Wide World Photos/University of
Wisconsin-Superior; land snail, lionfish,
golden frog, and green python by JLM
Visuals; red-legged locust © 2001 Susan Sam;
hornbill by Margaret F. Kinnaird; and tiger by
Jeff Lepore/Photo Researchers. All reproduced
by permission.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
No part of this work covered by the copyright
hereon may be reproduced or used in any
form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or
mechanical, including photocopying,
recording, taping, Web distribution, or
information storage retrieval systems—without
the written permission of the publisher.
ISBN 0-7876-5362-4 (vols. 1–17 set)
0-7876-5783-2 (vol. 7)
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA
Grzimek, Bernhard.
[Tierleben. English]
Grzimek’s animal life encyclopedia.— 2nd ed.
v. cm.
Includes bibliographical references.
Contents: v. 1. Lower metazoans and lesser deuterosomes / Neil Schlager, editor
— v. 2. Protostomes / Neil Schlager, editor — v. 3. Insects / Neil Schlager, editor —
v. 4-5. Fishes I-II / Neil Schlager, editor — v. 6. Amphibians / Neil Schlager, editor
— v. 7. Reptiles / Neil Schlager, editor — v. 8-11. Birds I-IV / Donna Olendorf,
editor — v. 12-16. Mammals I-V / Melissa C. McDade, editor — v. 17. Cumulative
index / Melissa C. McDade, editor.
ISBN 0-7876-5362-4 (set hardcover : alk. paper)
1. Zoology—Encyclopedias. I. Title: Animal life encyclopedia. II.
Schlager, Neil, 1966- III. Olendorf, Donna IV. McDade, Melissa C. V. American
Zoo and Aquarium Association. VI. Title.
QL7 .G7813 2004
590’.3—dc21
2002003351
Printed in Canada
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Recommended citation: Grzimek’s Animal Life Encyclopedia, 2nd edition. Volume 7, Reptiles, edited by Michael
Hutchins, James B. Murphy, and Neil Schlager. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group, 2003.
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• • • • •
Contents
Foreword ........................................... vii
How to use this book................................ x
Advisory boards ..................................... xiii
Contributing writers................................. xv
Contributing illustrators ............................. xvi
Family: Angleheads, calotes, dragon lizards, and
relatives ...................................... 209
Family: Chameleons ............................. 223
Family: Anoles, iguanas, and relatives ............. 243
Family: Geckos and pygopods .................... 259
Family: Blindskinks.............................. 271
Family: Wormlizards ............................ 273
Family: Mole-limbed wormlizards ................ 279
Family: Florida wormlizards...................... 283
Family: Spade-headed wormlizards ............... 287
Family: Night lizards ............................ 291
Family: Wall lizards, rock lizards, and relatives .... 297
Family: Microteiids.............................. 303
Family: Whiptail lizards, tegus, and relatives ...... 309
Family: Girdled and plated lizards ................ 319
Family: Skinks .................................. 327
Family: Alligator lizards, galliwasps, glass lizards,
and relatives .................................. 339
Family: Knob-scaled lizards ...................... 347
Family: Gila monsters and Mexican beaded lizards . . 353
Family: Monitors, goannas, and earless monitors . . . 315
Family: Early blindsnakes ........................ 369
Family: Slender blindsnakes ...................... 373
Family: Blindsnakes ............................. 379
Family: False blindsnakes ........................ 387
Family: Shieldtail snakes ......................... 391
Family: Pipe snakes.............................. 395
Family: False coral snakes ........................ 399
Family: Sunbeam snakes ......................... 401
Family: Neotropical sunbeam snakes.............. 405
Family: Boas .................................... 409
Family: Pythons ................................. 419
Family: Splitjaw snakes .......................... 429
Family: Woodsnakes and spinejaw snakes ......... 433
Family: File snakes .............................. 439
Family: Vipers and pitvipers...................... 445
Family: African burrowing snakes................. 461
Family: Colubrids ............................... 465
Family: Cobras, kraits, seasnakes, death adders,
and relatives .................................. 483
For further reading.................................. 501
Volume 7: Reptiles
What is a reptile? ................................... 3
Evolution of the reptiles ............................. 12
Structure and function............................... 23
Behavior............................................ 34
Reptiles and humans ................................ 47
Conservation ....................................... 59
Order TESTUDINES
Turtles and tortoises ................................ 65
Family: Pig-nose turtles.......................... 75
Family: Australo-American sideneck turtles........ 77
Family: Seaturtles ............................... 85
Family: Snapping turtles ......................... 93
Family: Central American river turtles ............ 99
Family: Leatherback seaturtles ................... 101
Family: New World pond turtles ................. 105
Family: Eurasian pond and river turtles, and
Neotropical wood turtles ...................... 115
Family: American mud and musk turtles .......... 121
Family: African sideneck turtles .................. 129
Family: Big-headed turtles ....................... 135
Family: Afro-American river turtles ............... 137
Family: Tortoises ............................... 143
Family: Softshell turtles.......................... 151
Order CROCODILIANS
Crocodiles, alligators, caimans, and gharials ........... 157
Family: Gharials ................................ 167
Family: Alligators and caimans ................... 171
Family: Crocodiles and false gharials.............. 179
Order SPHENODONTIA
Tuatara
Family: Tuatara ................................. 189
Order SQUAMATA
Lizards and snakes .................................. 195
Grzimek’s Animal Life Encyclopedia
v
Contents
Organizations ....................................... 507
Contributors to the first edition ...................... 509
Glossary ............................................ 516
Reptiles species list .................................. 520
Geologic time scale ................................. 571
Index............................................... 573
vi
Grzimek’s Animal Life Encyclopedia

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