Pipe Hanger Design.pdf

Today Anvil ® International is the largest and most complete ﬁtting and hanger

manufacturer in the world.

2004 Anvil ® International acquires Star Pipe Products, Building and Construction

Divisions (SPF) and forms AnvilStar TM Fire Products Division.

2001 Anvil ® International acquires Merit ® Manufacturing

and Beck Manufacturing.

2000 The industry’s trusted manufacturer of pipe

fittings, hangers and grooved fittings is

renamed Anvil ® International, Inc.

1999 Tyco sells the distribution and manufacturing

operations known up to this point as ”Grinnell

Supply Sales”, but keeps the Grinnell ® trademark.

TRUSTED

FOR 150 YEARS

We built our reputation from the ground up.

1994 J.B. Smith ™ and Catawissa ™ join the Grinnell

Supply Sales and Manufacturing division.

Anvil’s history stretches back to the mid 1800s,

when a company named Grinnell ® began providing

its customers with the finest quality pipe products.

Since 2000, those quality products and services—

and the people who provide them—have been

known as Anvil ® International. Anvil ® customers

receive the quality and integrity that have been

building strong connections in both products

and business relationships for over 150 years.

1969 Grinnell Co. acquired by International Telephone

and Telegraph. Two years later, ITT divests the Fire

Protection Division, but keeps the manufacturing

and sales divisions that will become known as

Anvil ® International.

Focused Product Line:

Anvil ® Malleable and Cast

Iron Fittings

Anvil ® Hangers, Supports

and Struts

Beck Welded Pipe Nipples

Anvil ® Seamless Pipe

Nipples

Anvil ® Steel Pipe Couplings

and Small Steel Fittings

Merit ® Tee-Lets and Drop

Nipples

Gruvlok ® Couplings,

Fittings and Valves

SPF TM Malleable and Cast

and Ductile Iron Fittings

SPF TM Grooved Fittings

and O’Lets

J.B. Smith Swage Nipples

and Bull Plugs

Catawissa ® Wing Unions

and Check Valves

1960 Gruvlok ® line of grooved fittings is introduced.

1919 General Fire Extinguisher Co. becomes Grinnell Co.

1909 Frederick Grinnell opens a foundry in Cranston, RI.

Companies express interest in buying its piping

products, laying the groundwork for what would

become the Grinnell Supply Sales Division. It would

be these manufacturing and sales operations that

eventually become Anvil ® International.

1850 Providence Steam & Gas Pipe Co. is formed, and

Frederick Grinnell purchases a controlling interest.

Grinnell ® is a registered trademark of Grinnell Corporation, a Tyco International Ltd. company.

B U I L D I N G C O N N E C T I O N S T H A T L A S T

ANVIL

BRANDS:

PIPING and PIPE HANGER

DESIGN

and

ENGINEERING

W EIGHTS OF P IPING M ATERIALS

The material in this booklet has been compiled to furnish pipe

hanger engineers with the necessary data and procedures to

determine pipe hanger loads and thermal movements of the

pipe at each hanger location.

The tabulation of weights has been arranged for convenient

selection of data that formerly consumed considerable time to

develop. In many instances this information was not available

for general distribution. This made it necessary to develop

average or approximate weights that may be substituted with

actual weights whenever practical.

L OAD C ALCULATION P ROBLEM

The "Hanger Load Calculation Problem" is typical of the actual

steps required in the solution of any pipe hanger installation.

Great care was taken in collecting and printing data in this

booklet to assure accuracy throughout. However, no

representation or warranty of accuracy of the contents of this

booklet is made by Anvil. The only warranties made by Anvil

are those contained in sales contracts for design services or

products.

CONTENTS .............................................................................. Page

Design of Pipe Hangers ................................................................ 4

Determination of Hanger Locations ............................................. 4

Hanger Load Calculations ............................................................ 6

Thermal Movement Calculations ............................................... 11

Selection of the Proper Hangers ................................................ 13

Typical Pipe Support Specification ............................................ 21

Nuclear pipe Hangers .................................................................. 24

Seismic Supports ........................................................................ 24

Supports for Grooved Piping ..................................................... 27

Application Examples ................................................................. 30

Weights of Piping Materials ........................................................ 37

Charts and Tables ........................................................................ 63

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Anvil International, Piping & Pipe Hanger Design and Engineering

T HE D ESIGN O F P IPE H ANGERS

I NTRODUCTION

To avoid confusion, it is necessary to define the terms pipe

hanger and pipe support and clarify the difference between

the two. Pipe hangers are generally considered to be those

metal elements which carry the weight from above with the

supporting members being mainly in tension. Pipe supports

are considered to be those elements which carry the weight

from below with the supporting members being mainly in

compression.

It has become widely recognized that the selection and design

of pipe hangers is an important part of the engineering study

of any modern steam generating or process installation.

Problems of pipe design for high temperature, high pressure

installations have become critical to a point where it is

imperative that such aspects of design as the effect of

concentrated hanger loads on building structure, pipe weight

loads on equipment connections, and physical clearances of

the hanger components with piping and structure be taken

into account at the early design stages of a project.

Engineers specializing in the design of pipe hangers have

established efficient methods of performing the work required

to arrive at appropriate hanger designs. However, the

engineer who devotes varying portions of his time to the

design of pipe hangers often must gather a considerable

amount of reference data peculiar only to the hanger

calculations for his current project.

It is the purpose of this article to present a compilation of all

information necessary for the design of hangers, including a

technical section devoted to the listing of piping material,

weights, and thermal expansion data. Also, the discussions of

the various steps involved in designing supports, presented

here in their proper sequence, should serve as a good

reference source for the engineer who only occasionally

becomes involved in the essentials of hanger design.

The first of these steps is that of determining and obtaining

the necessary amount of basic information before proceeding

with calculations and detailing of the pipe supports. No design

is complete unless the engineer has had the opportunity to

review the equivalent of the following project data:

• The pipe hanger specification, when available (A typical

hanger specification is shown on pages 21 and 22).

• A complete set of piping drawings.

• A complete set of steel and structural drawings including

equipment foundation and boiler structure details.

• A complete set of drawings showing the location of

ventilating ducts, electrical trays, pumps, tanks, etc.

• The appropriate piping specifications and data, which will

include pipe sizes and composition identification, wall

thicknesses, and operating temperatures.

• A copy of the insulation specifications with densities.

• Valve and special fittings lists, which will indicate weights.

• The movements of all critical equipment connections such

as boiler headers, steam drums, turbine connections, etc.

• The results of the stress, flexibility and movement

calculation performed for critical systems such as Main

Steam, High Temperature Reheat, etc.

The steps in which the engineer applies this information are:

(1) Determine hanger locations.

(2) Calculate hanger loads.

(3) Determine thermal movement of the piping at each

hanger location.

(4) Select hanger types: spring assembly, either constant

support, variable spring type, rigid assembly, etc.

(5) Check clearance between the hanger components and

nearby piping, electrical cable trays, conduits, ventilating

ducts, and equipment.

The final step will not be discussed to any great degree. This

aspect of design is governed solely by the requirements and

layouts of the individual job. Instead, attention will be devoted

to steps 1 to 4, where the scope of good hanger practice can

be generally defined for any installation.

Recognizing that each new piping design presents many new

challenges to the engineer, no attempt is made to state fixed

rules and limits applicable to every hanger design. Rather, the

intention is to illustrate ideas which will serve as a guide to a

simple, practical solution to any pipe support problem.

I NTEGRAL A TTACHMENTS

Integral attachments are fabricated so that the attachment is

an integral part of the piping component. Examples of integral

attachments include ears, shoes, lugs, cylindrical attachments,

rings and skirts. Integral attachments are used in conjunction

with restraints or braces where multi-axial restraint in a single

member is required. Of particular importance is the localized

stresses induced into the piping or piping component by the

integral attachments. Several methods to determine the local

stresses are available including relatively simple hand/

cookbook calculations provided in Welding Research Council

(WRC) Bulletins 107, 198, and 297, ASME Code Cases N-318

and N-392, or through a detailed finite element analysis.

Section 121 of ASME B31.1 discusses additional consider-

ations for integral attachments.

H ANGER S PANS

Support locations are dependent on pipe size, piping

configuration, the location of heavy valves and fittings, and the

structure that is available for the support of the piping.

No firm rules or limits exist which will positively fix the location

of each support on a piping system. Instead, the engineer

must exercise his own judgement in each case to determine

the appropriate hanger location.

The suggested maximum spans between hangers listed in

table below reflect the practical considerations involved in

determining support spacings on straight runs of standard wall

pipe. They are normally used for the support spacings of

critical systems.

S PAN B ETWEEN S UPPORTS

Nom. Pipe

Size (In.)

11 1 ⁄ 2 22 1 ⁄ 2 33 1 ⁄ 2 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 30

Span

Water (Ft.)

7 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 17 19 22 23 25 27 28 30 32 33

Steam,

Gas, Air (Ft.)

9 1213141516171921242630323537394244

Anvil International, Piping & Pipe Hanger Design and Engineering

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T HE D ESIGN O F P IPE H ANGERS

The spans in table are in accordance with MSS Standard

Practice SP-69. They do not apply where concentrated

weights such as valves or heavy fittings or where changes in

direction of the piping system occur between hangers.

For concentrated loads, supports should be placed as close

as possible to the load in order to minimize bending stresses.

Where changes in direction of the piping of any critical system

occur between hangers; it is considered good practice to keep

the total length of pipe between the supports less than 3 ⁄ 4 the

full spans in table below.

When practical, a hanger should be located immediately

adjacent to any change in direction of the piping.

three fourths the suggested maximum span shown in the table

on the previous page.

In considering the vertical section of the pipe on which H-3 and

H-4 are shown, it should first be noted that this section of the

pipe could be supported by one hanger rather than two as

indicated. Two hangers will certainly provide greater stability

than will a single hanger. Another deciding factor as to whether

one hanger or a multiple hangers should be used is the

strength of the supporting steel members of the structure. The

use of two hangers will permit the total riser weight to be

proportioned to two elevations of the structure, avoiding the

concentration of all the riser load at one building elevation.

The locations for hangers H-5 and H-6 are governed by the

suggested maximum span as well as the position of the

concentrated valve weight. Consequently, H-6 has been

located adjacent to the valve, and H-5 at a convenient location

between the valve and the 12 inch riser.

The location of hanger H-7 will be determined by calculation to

satisfy the condition that no pipe load is to be applied to

terminal connection C . It is obvious that by moving the hanger

along the 12 foot section of pipe, the amount of load on

connection C will vary. One support location exists where the

entire section will be "balanced", and the load at C equal to

zero.

The calculations to determine the exact location of H-7 are

shown in the section entitled "Hanger Load Calculation".

S AMPLE P ROBLEM

In the sample problem (Figure 1) seven supports are shown on

the 12 inch line, and two on the 6 inch pipe.

Note that the hanger H-1 has been placed adjacent to the

valve weight concentration. The proximity of the hanger to the

valve is helpful in keeping the load at terminal connection A to

a minimum. Also, the bending stresses induced in the pipe by

the valve weight are kept to a minimum.

The selection of the location for hanger H-2 entails a change in

direction of the pipe between two hangers. In order to avoid

excessive overhang of the pipe between hangers H-1 and H-2 ,

the length of pipe between these hangers is made less than

NOTE:

Allowable load at connection A is 500 lbs.

Allowable load at connection B and C is zero.

All bends are 5 diameter bends.

All elbows are L.R. Ells.

Operating temperature is 1,050 ° F.

All pipe is Sch. 160 A 335 P12.

F IGURE 1 – S AMPLE P ROBLEM

45 °

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Anvil International, Piping & Pipe Hanger Design and Engineering

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