New Vanguard - 038 - American Civil War Artillery 1861-65 - Field Artillery.pdf
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American Civil War
Artillery 1861-65 (1)
Field Artillery
PHILIP KATCHER I",".nd
worb in
P1tnnsvtvanl. USA,
and h.a. written _ 20 tlUes
in
the Men-.l-Ann.
Mrles
Including
thot
hlgftly wc:cenM
ti¥e-¥ONme
Nt on
Armlet
01 the
~
Civil W.r.
TONY BRYAN" • freelanoa
iUustl'llltor 01 m.1!'Y yUrt
e~~.
H<t
'nitl.11y
qu;ol,l'"ted
In
Engi....ring
and woriled
lor a "",mbe!'"
of YNI1I In
MUllary
ReN.rc:h
and Developmenl. Tony
hal
a kIMn interest In mlll,-ry
hardware _ armor, .mall
arm., aircraft and shlp.-
and
hal
produced many
illu.tratlon. for partworil.,
magazIne. and book.,
Including a number of titles
In the New Vanguard serle••
'-
OSPREY
PUBLISHING
New Vanguard. 38
American Civil War
Artillery 1861-65 (1)
Field Artillery
Philip Katcher· Illustrated by Tony Bryan
------------------
Editor's Note
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mLE PAGE A 3·ln. Ordnance Allte on display at the
OettyslWril
National Battlefield Park.
AMERICAN CIVIL WAR ARTILLERY
1861-1865 (1) FIELD ARTILLERY
INTRODUCTION
n
th~
186(k.;1\
the <;tan or tile
Allu.'rican
Ci\'il
\\'ar. t\nlt.:rical1
anilkn
eXllCllS \\(c"re in the mid:.1 of a In;yor c1tange uf
eli!
ectioll. In the
(';Ifh
H.'ar" of
the 19th
cenlun, .\Illcrican
anilkn had
:111
o\'t~rwhclmingh
English influence, \\hich <;temllwd from lhe War of Indepcmkncc
1Il'.ll'h
il
('CUlun earlier. AI that time.
lilt:."
Briti... h .11111\ lISt.'d 3-. 6-. 12-.
and
24-lxlr. liglll brass guns. can;ed on wooden
Glniagc<;
,,'jill
'plil tr.lik
During thl' War of Indepcndence. the Continent.11 Anm r('cei,"ed some
Frcllch-made
fidd
"nille,""
.t-,
8-.
ami 12-fxlr.... lIlollllled 011 c.lI1iaKc.'>
that
WCf(:"
\'en similar
10
those of the Ilriti.. h. The\ also uSt'd Swcdi"h-
made 4-lxlrs.
lhal
\,'ere mili/ed b\ the French
I\nm
as
rcgimcllI<I'
dose
sllPIXln weapon....
t\!though lIlC"C weapons u't.'c1
hra!\.~ IUI)(·~.
thc copper nceded for
m;llILifactLiring brass
wa~
scarel.' in America. \\hik iron
wa~
plentiful
throughoul the COUllln. CltlnOIl
fOllndrie~
were located in both thl.'
north and
~mllh
of the (mlllt" Ix·fore the Ch·il
\\'011'.
and after
1800
the
f\merican
aml\
almost exdusivl.'h adopted iron for mal..ing gun b..lrrels.
The exception was the
AIllCI·ic;l1I-de:.i~ned
WKing Ilowit7er.
w
which used
a
~hort
hmss lube with a
2 3
4-in. bore
d('~ign('d
to Shool
a
~Tellade
a
short distance. a t)piGll
lI~C
for a h{miller.
It
II,IS idl...a] for lighting
Indians in
tile
densel) wooded
llunhea~l.
bUI
\\<t~
of link me
again~t
org;lI1i/cd forces
1l~;l1g
their own artillel").
After tllc adoption of iron. American-mack .lrtilkn
ll~cd
lilt.:
Uriti~h
calibcr
~rMCtl1
of
6-.
12-. 18-.
and 24-pdr:..
Many batteries at the wan
outset were armed with obsolete
II-pelr. cannon with Iron lubes,
such as this M183t a..ampl••
(Ft. McHenry Nallonal Parkl
illStead of the Frcnch
~~~lelli.
011
lhe other hand. French
carri:lgc dl..'\igll I\'as choscn
mcr Ihe
Hrili~1l
st}lc. A
~('rit'~
of M] HIX "w;llking
stick" COIl1tlOII burst during
tC~L\
ill
18ti,
howcver. and
a number of anillclTlllcn
!k:g-all to
lo~e
U'USt in iron.
The known briuk
qLlalitie~
of the metal, cOllpled
Wilh it\ weigh
1.
made it
lIn~lIitablc
for cannon
tul>c'l. thev fch. In 18%.
therefOl·e. lhe Ordnance
Uoard. afler testing iron
and bron/e
a~
barrel
IUelals.
decided
that
America's
field
pieces
3
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