USMLE_RoadMap_Neuroscience_drwhite.PDF

LANGE

ROAD MAP

USMLE

NEUROSCIENCE

Second Edition

JAMES S. WHITE, PhD

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Cell and Developmental Biology

University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Assistant Professor of Cell Biology

School of Osteopathic Medicine

University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey

Stratford, New Jersey

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DOI: 10.1036/0071496238

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CONTENTS

Using the Road Map Series for Successful Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii

Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix

1. Development, Gross Anatomy, and Blood Supply

of the Nervous System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems (CNS, PNS) 1

Development of Nervous System 3

The Major Components of the CNS 8

Arterial Blood Supply of the CNS 11

Stroke and its Causes 16

Arterial Blood Supply of the Spinal Cord 19

Venous Drainage of the CNS and Intracranial Bleeds 20

Circumventricular Organs 21

Ventricular System 22

Clinical Problems 25

Matching Problems 29

Answers 31

2. Cytology of the Nervous System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Neurons 33

Axonal Transport 37

Synaptic Terminals 39

Chemical Neurotransmission 41

Neurotransmitter Receptors 45

Glial and Supporting Cells in the CNS and PNS 48

The Blood-Brain Barrier 53

Response of Axons to Destructive Lesions or Irritative Lesions 53

Clinical Problems 55

Matching Problems 58

Answers 59

3. Spinal Cord . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Organization and Roots 61

Motor Neural Systems 66

Reflexes 69

Sensory Systems 77

Dorsal Column/Medial Lemniscal System 77

iii

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