D.A.Turner - Modern Neurosurgery Clinical Translation of Neuroscience Advances (2005).pdf - Neurochirurgia - podręczniki - MMikulicz

Modern Neurosurgery: Clinical

Translation of Neuroscience

Advances

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Modern neurosurgery : clinical translation of neuroscience advances / edited by Dennis A.

Turner.

p. cm. -- (Frontiers in neuroscience)

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 0-8493-1482-8 (alk. paper)

1. Nervous system--Surgery.

[DNLM: 1. Neurosurgery--trends. 2. Neurosurgical Procedures--trends. WL 368 M6885

2004] I. Turner, Dennis A. II. Title. III. Series: Methods & new frontiers in

neuroscience series.

RD593.M627 2004

617.4′8--dc22

2004045731

This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material

is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable

efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the authors and the publisher cannot

assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use.

Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic

or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or by any information storage or

retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher.

internal use of specific clients, may be granted by CRC Press LLC, provided that $1.50 per page

photocopied is paid directly to Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923

USA. The fee code for users of the Transactional Reporting Service is ISBN 0-8493-1482-

8/05/$0.00+$1.50. The fee is subject to change without notice. For organizations that have been granted

a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged.

The consent of CRC Press LLC does not extend to copying for general distribution, for promotion, for

creating new works, or for resale. Specific permission must be obtained in writing from CRC Press LLC

for such copying.

Direct all inquiries to CRC Press LLC, 2000 N.W. Corporate Blvd., Boca Raton, Florida 33431.

Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are

used only for identification and explanation, without intent to infringe.

Visit the CRC Press Web site at www.crcpress.com

No claim to original U.S. Government works

International Standard Book Number 0-8493-1482-8

Library of Congress Card Number 2004045731

Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

Printed on acid-free paper

Foreword and Scope

Advances in clinical neuroscience often arise from a better understanding of brain

function and hypotheses based at the cellular, system, or organ level. Recent empha-

sis is on translating functions or structure-based hypotheses into clinical treatment

schemes. This process of translational research depends on a number of critical

steps, and in most cases, a clinical market that would make commercialization

worthwhile financially. Rather than focus on current treatment schemes, this volume

will critically discuss treatments in the process of development, particularly those

that have arisen or will arise from advances in neuroscience knowledge. The three

categories of such treatments are: (1) treatments, aids, and techniques currently in

clinical trials or pending U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval and

new indications for older approved drugs and devices; (2) advances in the promising

preclinical stages that may lead to a rapid progression to initial human trials over

the next 5 to 10 years; and (3) approaches that failed at the clinical application level,

but still offer insights into whether the initial hypothesis was invalid or significantly

flawed in some respect.

Many of these advances are hypothesis-based, particularly the pharmacological

approaches. However, as a surgical specialty, neurosurgery also has experienced

many technical advances, both in terms of treatment and also for both diagnostic

approaches and aids that enhance the technical performance of surgical procedures.

Such technical advances have led the FDA to devise new methods of approval for

approaches that do not directly entail treatment, for example, aids to performance

of the surgery. Such aids include stereotactic frames, frameless computer-guided

approaches, diagnostic ultrasound, operating microscopes, and many other devices

that highlight the dominant role that technological advances continue to exert in

translating neuroscience into clinical practice. However, even the application of a

new technology requires the identification of a hypothesis. Clear specification of

the underlying hypothesis and associated supportive data may lead logically to

identifying required testing and enhancement of data both for and against a concept.

This book intends to examine the interface between neuroscience progress and

clinical neuroscience advances by assessing the hypotheses that drive this evolution.

With this hypothesis-based approach, this book will review the relevant neuroscience

underpinnings of new neurosurgical techniques, treatments, and conceptual

approaches that are likely to shape clinical neuroscience over the next decade. This

dynamic approach is a radical departure from more descriptive books on the topic

of 21st century neurological sciences that focus on reviews of current techniques or

treatment schemes with timelines to clinical application greater than 10 years.

The specific charge to all the chapter authors was to outline and discuss advances

in clinical neurosciences that may occur over the next 5 to 10 years, but are not yet

clinical realities. This horizon includes treatment schemes that may be in early stages

of clinical adaptation, but the goal is to depart from a review of current clinical

practice. As these advances progress in their translation into clinical practice, clearly

many may not pass the critical steps of possessing sufficient safety, efficacy, market

potential, and usefulness to become marketable items or common practices. Many

excellent concepts developed over the past 10 years failed to generate impacts as

clinical solutions because of unanticipated problems arising in the translation, even

though the underlying hypotheses driving the concepts were excellent. Such concepts

include multiple forms of percutaneous discectomy approaches, the clinical use in

surgery of laser tumor removals and intraventricular glial-derived neurotrophic factor

(GDNF) for Parkinson’s disease. We are hopeful that we have chosen wisely — that

we will not highlight a collection of “white elephant” approaches, but rather will

illustrate broader principles of hypothesis-based neuroscience advances.

D.A.Turner - Modern Neurosurgery Clinical Translation of Neuroscience Advances (2005).pdf

Plik z chomika:

Inne pliki z tego folderu:

Inne foldery tego chomika: