EC096_Guide.pdf

English as a Second Language Podcast

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ENGLISH CAFÉ – 96

TOPICS

How to become a doctor; how much Americans earn; using from, between, and

during; fire versus arson, town hall meetings

_____________

GLOSSARY

competitive – describes a situation where people, businesses, or organizations

try to be better than the others; describes a situation where everyone tries to be

the best at something

* Getting into the best universities is very competitive, so we need to study hard

and earn good grades.

demanding – challenging; needing a lot of work, concentration, effort, focus, and

energy

* Being a financial investor is a demanding career, but it is interesting and it pays

very well.

to submit – to send or give something to someone; to give someone something

that he or she has asked for

* Did you submit your application before the 5:00 deadline?

transcript – a written record of one’s education; a written document that shows

what classes one took, what grades one got, and what degree one earned

* I see on your transcript that you took five chemistry classes. Is that correct?

to diagnose – to identify what an illness, injury, or problem is; to say what is

wrong with someone’s health

* The doctors diagnosed her stomach pain as a minor problem that can be

treated with medication.

to be under the supervision of (someone) – to work while someone is closely

watching and evaluating what one does; to work under someone’s guidance; to

be guided in one’s work by someone

* Before you can become a professional counselor, you have to have worked for

thousands of hours under the supervision of another counselor.

rotations – periods of time that medical students spend in different parts of a

hospital while they are training

* Sandra’s favorite rotations were emergency medicine and surgery.

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ENGLISH CAFÉ – 96

to practice – to do the work of a professional, such as a doctor, dentist, or

lawyer

* Dr. Greller has been practicing in the New Jersey community for more than ten

years.

residency – a period of time when a medical student receives special, advanced

training at a hospital

* Will is completing his residency at Sacred Heart Hospital, and even though he

is often very tired, he is learning a lot.

accredited – an academic institution that is certified by another organization; a

college or university whose educational system has been approved by a national

organization

* If you don’t go to an accredited university, most people won’t accept your

degree as valid.

clinic – a private hospital or group of doctors’ offices where people can go for a

specific type of medical care

* Does this city have any good clinics to treat drug abuse and alcoholism?

from…to… – words used to show the times that something starts and ends

* The meeting will be next Wednesday from 10:45 a.m. to 12:15 p.m.

between…and… – words used to show a range of time during which something

happens

* Someone hit my car between 11:00 p.m. and 7:30 a.m., but I don’t know exactly

when, because I was asleep.

during – in a period of time; through a period of time

* I was living in Russia during the presidential elections.

arson – the crime of setting something on fire; lighting a fire to burn something

you do not have legal permission to burn

* Arson is a common cause of forest fires in the Southwestern United States.

town hall meeting – a community meeting; a time and place where community

members meet to discuss and vote on things that are important in their

community

* At last night’s town hall meeting, people talked about the need to build a new

park so that children can play together.

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these materials on another website or distributing them in any way is prohibited.

English as a Second Language Podcast

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ENGLISH CAFÉ – 96

WHAT INSIDERS KNOW

Classic TV Doctors

Doctors are a popular “theme” (main idea) in many TV programs. Here are a few

of the most famous American TV doctors, “past and present” (from the past and

also currently on TV).

Quincy, M.E. was a popular TV show in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The

main “character” (person) was Dr. Quincy, who was a “medical examiner,” or a

person who helps determine how and why people died. When there was a

“suspicious death,” or a death where Quincy thought that maybe the person was

killed by another person, then Quincy became like a “detective” (a person who

tries to find out who is the killer).

A different type of doctor was shown in Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman . This

program ran in the mid-1990s, and was about a female doctor in the “Old West,”

or the Western United States, in the mid-1800s. Because almost all doctors

were men at that time, it is interesting to see how the community reacts to Dr.

Quinn and her ideas.

Another classic TV show about a doctor was Doogie Howser, M.D. , which “aired”

(was shown on television), in the early 1990s. It was about a teenage “prodigy,”

or extremely intelligent or talented person, who became a doctor when he was

only 10 years old. The episodes were about how Doogie “struggled” (had a hard

time) being a professional doctor and an American teenager at the same time.

Finally, Marcus Welby, M.D. was a popular TV show during the early 1970s. Dr.

Welby was a “family practitioner” (a doctor who specializes in family medicine).

He had “unorthodox” (new and unusual) ideas about how to take care of his

patients. His younger co-worker had more traditional ideas about medical care,

and so the show was about how the two men worked together.

These materials are copyrighted by the Center for Educational Development (2007). Posting of

these materials on another website or distributing them in any way is prohibited.

English as a Second Language Podcast

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ENGLISH CAFÉ – 96

COMPLETE TRANSCRIPT

You're listening to ESL Podcast's English Café number 96.

This is the English Café episode 96. I'm your host, Dr. Jeff McQuillan, coming to

you from the Center for Educational Development in beautiful Los Angeles,

California.

Visit our website at eslpod.com and download a Learning Guide for this episode.

You can also take a look at the ESL Podcast Store, where we offer some

additional specialized courses.

In this Café, we're going to talk about how people become medical doctors in the

United States. Every country is a little different; we'll talk about how you do it

here in the U.S. We'll also talk a little bit about the differences in income based

on how much education you have here in the U.S. And, as always, we'll answer

a few of your questions. Let's get started.

Our first topic is about doctors and how to become a doctor. We've talked a little

bit about how you become – how you get to be a certain kind of occupation or

have a certain kind of occupation in our previous Cafés. Today, we're going to

talk about how you become a doctor in the United States – what do you have to

do.

First, I should “distinguish,” or tell you the difference, between a medical doctor,

someone we would call an “M.D.” for medical doctor, and a doctor of philosophy,

what we would call a “Ph.D.” A doctor of philosophy isn't necessarily a

philosopher, like Plato and Aristotle were philosophers. A doctor of philosophy, a

Ph.D., is someone who gets a graduate degree, but not in medicine; an M.D. is a

medical doctor, someone who can help you with your health. I am not a medical

doctor; I am a Ph.D., so I can't really help you at all. Some people would call me

a fake doctor! A real doctor – a medical doctor – is someone who can help you

with your health.

In the U.S., in order to get either a Ph.D. or an M.D. you need to finish your

Bachelor's degree, usually taking four or five years to finish what we would call

your “undergraduate” degree, or Bachelor's degree. After that, you have to go to

school for four more years – to medical school.

There are about 140-150 medical schools in the United States. To get into a

medical school is highly competitive. When we say something is “competitive,”

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ENGLISH CAFÉ – 96

we mean it is very difficult; there are lots of people who want to get into medical

school. Some schools, like the Harvard Medical School, are extremely

competitive – highly competitive. Other schools are less competitive, but

generally, medical schools have a very competitive acceptance. Getting a

medical degree is very demanding. We say something is “demanding” when it is

very difficult – it requires a lot of work.

So, getting into a medical school is difficult, and then getting your medical degree

is also difficult. If you want to go a medical school in the U.S., you need to

“submit,” or send, your transcripts. “Transcripts” are a list of your grades; they

include all of the classes that you took as an undergraduate. You also have to

take a test called the “Medical College Admissions Test,” or the MCAT. This is

sort of like the SAT, the “Scholastic Achievement Test.” It's a difficult test that

tests your knowledge of math and reading comprehension and other things. You

also need to get “letters of recommendation.” These are letters from usually your

professors from your Bachelor's degree, saying that you are a good student.

Many schools also require that you go and interview with someone from the

school – someone from the “admissions committee,” the group of people who

decide who gets into the medical school and who doesn't.

Your first two years of your four years of medical school are mostly classroom

experiences or in a laboratory. You're learning basic scientific medical ideas

about “anatomy,” the parts of the body, other types of scientific study. You also

learn, during these first few years, to take a “medical history.” This is when you

ask patients – ask the people you are trying to help, what their problems are,

what the symptoms are. A “symptom” is an indication of a problem. You also

learn to diagnose illnesses. “To diagnose” (diagnose) means to determine – to

figure out what the problem is. The doctor diagnoses you with a certain problem:

“I was diagnosed with influenza” – with the flu.

You do all of this under the supervision of, or with the help of, more experienced

doctors and physicians in hospitals and clinics. A “clinic” is like a small hospital

that doesn't have a complete hospital set-up. It's a medical office where you can

go to get examined.

Medical school also requires you to go through what are called “rotations.”

“Rotations” comes from the verb “to rotate.” “To rotate” means to change from

one thing to another thing to another thing. Rotations require medical students to

go to different departments in the hospital: to pediatrics, which is for young

children; to psychiatry; to surgery; to gynecology, which is medical treatment

specifically for women; and so forth. So, you work in all the different departments

These materials are copyrighted by the Center for Educational Development (2007). Posting of

these materials on another website or distributing them in any way is prohibited.

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