1_Spotlight_on_Britain.pdf

BRITAIN

SECOND EDITION

Susan Sheerin

Jonathan Seath

GiIIian White

Oxford University Press

SPOTLIGHT ON

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OXFORD and OXFORD ENGLISH are trade marks

of Oxford University Press

ISBN 0 19 432788 4

First published 1985

Second edition 1990

Fourth impression 1992

0 Susan Sheerin, Jonathnn Senth, Gillinn White 1985,

1990

prior cnnrsnr in any form ofbinding or cover orhcr

chon rhnr in which ir is publishcdnnd tvichour n

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into rhnrgood nighr', which nppenr in Dylan Thomas'

'Collecrcd Poems', published by Denr.

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20th Ccn~ry

Contents

TheUnited Kingdom

Who are the British?

Thepolitical system

Religion

Family life

Festivals

Glossary

London

A city with a difference

The City

Historic buildings in the City

The East End

The West End

Westminster

Whitehall

Royal London

Kensington and Knightsbridge

Glossary

The Southeast

Welcome to Britain

The Garden of England

Oh, I do like to be beside the seaside!

Are you a railway buff?

A tale of Canterbury

The stockbroker belt

Glossary

East Anglia

Cambridge

The Fen Counuy

Let's go shoppingin Norwich

Britain's oldest recorded town

Glossary

TheHeart of England

The Swan of Avon

Birmingham -the market place

A cathedral of our time

Oxford

Liverpool and the Beades

Glossary

The Dales to the Border

Northumbria

Themost beautiful corner of England

Ghosts of Yorkshire

Thehistoric city of York

Glossary

The Southwest

Holiday time in the West Country

Magic circles

Offshore islands

The sea - ships and sailors

Glossary

Scotland

Folk music

Beating the 'Sassenachs'!

The Highland games

Tattoo spectacular

Welcome to the Festival

A tragic queen

Scotland seen from abroad

Lieon the rigs

Glasgow

The Highlands

Clans and tartans

Scottish festivals

Glossary

Wales

Language

History

Life in the Valleys

The Welsh and their words

The National Parks

Energy inside a Welsh mountain

Cardiff: a modern capital

Glossary

Northern Ireland

The troubles

Two nations?

The search for a solution

Belfast

The Glens of Antrim and the

Causeway coast

The Giant's Causeway

Fermanagh

Londonderry

Glossary

In and out of School

TV and radio

More than 30 years of Rock Music

Sport

The education system

Lieat college

Glossary

Answers

Historical Chart

periods of British history. It shows the chief

1603). Only monarchs or rulers mentioned

inhabitants or invaders of England until the

in the text appear on the chart.

Middle Ages, then the royal houses of

The Celts

900 B.C.-55 B.C.

The Romans

55 B.C.-450 A.D.

The Anglo-Saxons

450-1066

Offa (8th century)

The Viking Invaders

8th-11th cennuies

The Normans

1066-1 154

William the Conqueror

(1066-1087)

The Plantagenets

11561399

Henry11 (11561189)

Edward I(1212-1307)

The Houses of York and

1399-1485

Lancaster

The Tudors

1485-1603

Henry VII (14861509)

Henry VIII (1509-1547)

Mary I ('Bloody Mary')

(1553-1558)

Elizabeth I(1558-1603)

The SNarts

1603-1649

Charles i (1625-1649)

(The Civil War

1628-1649)

The Republic

1649-1660

Oliver Cromwell

(1649-1660)

The Smarts

1660-1714

Wiamand Mary

(1688-1702)

The Hanoverians

17161901

George I, 11,111, TV

(17141830)

('Georgian' period)

Victoria (1837-1901)

('Victorian' period)

The House of Saxe-

1901-1910

Edward VII (1901-1910)

Coburg

('Edwardian' period)

The House of Windsor

1910-

Elizabeth I1(1952- )

This chart covers the most important

England (until 1603)and of Britain (after

Tames I(1603-1625)

The United Kingdom is very small

compared with many other countries in the

world. However, there are only nine other

countries with more people, and London is

the world's seventh biggest city.

The main areas of high land are in

Scotland, Wales and Cumbria. In the

centre of England is a range of hills called

the Pennines, which are also known as the

'backbone of England'. The highest

mountains are in Scotland and Wales: Ben

Nevis is 4,406 feet (1,343 m.) and Snowdon

is 3,560 feet (1,085 m.). Of course, these

are very small compared with other

mountains in the world - Everest, the

highest mountain in the world, is 29,000

feet (8,839 m.). In fact everything in the

United Kingdom is rather small- the

longest rivers are the Severn (220 miles, 354

km.) and the River Thames (215 miles, 346

Icm.). Compare these with the River

Amazon in South America which is 4,195

miles (6,751 km.) long!

Despite its size, there is a great deal of

variety within the islands of the United

Kingdom, and this book aims to show the

particular character of each country and

region.

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