SAMS Teach Yourself HTML, CSS and JavaScript All in One (2012).pdf

Julie C. Meloni

Sams Teach Yourself

HTML, CSS

and JavaScript

All

in One

800 East 96th Street, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46240 USA

Sams Teach Yourself HTML, CSS, and JavaScript All in One

Acquisitions Editor

Mark Taber

Development Editor

Songlin Qiu

Managing Editor

Sandra Schroeder

Project Editor

Seth Kerney

Copy Editor

Mike Henry

Indexer

Ken Johnson

Proofreader

Jovana San Nicolas-

Shirley

Technical Editor

Phil Ballard

Publishing Coordinator

Cindy Teeters

Book Designer

Gary Adair

Compositor

Trina Wur st

or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or other-

wise, without written permission from the publisher. No patent liability is assumed with

respect to the use of the information contained herein. Although every precaution has

been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and author assume no responsi-

bility for errors or omissions. Nor is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the

use of the information contained herein.

ISBN-13: 978-0-672-33332-3

ISBN-10: 0-672-33332-5

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data is on file.

First Printing November 2011

Trademarks

All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have

been appropriately capitalized. Sams Publishing cannot attest to the accuracy of this

information. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of

any trademark or service mark.

Warning and Disclaimer

Every effort has been made to make this book as complete and as accurate as possible,

but no warranty or fitness is implied. The information provided is on an “as is” basis. The

author and the publisher shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or

entity with respect to any loss or damages arising from the information contained in this

book or programs accompanying it.

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Contents at a Glance

PART V: Advanced JavaScript

Programming

CHAPTER 21: Using Unobtrusive JavaScript

CHAPTER 22: Using Third-Party Libraries

CHAPTER 23: Greasemonkey: Enhancing the Web

with JavaScript

CHAPTER 24: AJAX: Remote Scripting

PART I: Getting Started on the Web

CHAPTER 1: Publishing Web Content

CHAPTER 2: Understanding HTML and XHTML

Connections

CHAPTER 3: Understanding Cascading Style

Sheets

CHAPTER 4: Understanding JavaScript

PART VI: Advanced Website

Functionality and Management

CHAPTER 25: Creating Print-Friendly Web Pages

CHAPTER 26: Working with Web-Based Forms

CHAPTER 27: Organizing and Managing a

Website

CHAPTER 28: Helping People Find Your Web

Pages

Index

PART II: Building Blocks of Practical

Web Design

CHAPTER 5: Working with Fonts, Text Blocks, and

Lists

CHAPTER 6: Using Tables to Display Information

CHAPTER 7: Using External and Internal Links

CHAPTER 8: Working with Colors, Images, and

Multimedia

PART III: Advanced Web Page Design

with CSS

CHAPTER 9: Working with Margins, Padding,

Alignment, and Floating

CHAPTER 10: Understanding the CSS Box Model

and Positioning

CHAPTER 11: Using CSS to Do More with Lists,

Text, and Navigation

CHAPTER 12: Creating Fixed or Liquid Layouts

PART IV: Getting Started with Dynamic

Web Sites

CHAPTER 13: Understanding Dynamic Websites

CHAPTER 14: Getting Started with JavaScript

Programming

CHAPTER 15: Working with the Document Object

Model (DOM)

CHAPTER 16: Using JavaScript Variables, Strings,

and Arrays

CHAPTER 17: Using JavaScript Functions and

Objects

CHAPTER 18: Controlling Flow with Conditions

and Loops

CHAPTER 19: Responding to Events

CHAPTER 20: Using Windows and Frames

Table of Contents

CHAPTER 5: Working with Fonts, Text Blocks,

and Lists 81

Boldface, Italics, and Special Text Formatting .... 82

Tweaking the Font ........................................ 85

Working with Special Characters .................... 89

Aligning Text on a Page ................................ 92

The Three Types of HTML Lists ...................... 95

Placing Lists Within Lists .............................. 97

CHAPTER 1: Publishing Web Content

A Brief History of HTML and the World

Wide Web .................................................... 1

Creating Web Content .................................... 2

Understanding Web Content Delivery ................ 3

Selecting a Web Hosting Provider .................... 6

Testing with Multiple Web Browser s .................. 8

Creating a Sample File .................................. 9

Using FTP to Transfer Files ............................ 10

Distributing Content Without a Web Server ...... 18

Tips for Testing Web Content ........................ 19

CHAPTER 6: Using Tables to Display

Information 107

Creating a Simple Table .............................. 107

Controlling Table Sizes ................................ 110

Alignment and Spanning Within Tables .......... 113

Page Layout with Tables .............................. 116

CHAPTER 2: Understanding HTML and

XHTML Connections 25

Getting Prepared ........................................ 25

Getting Started with a Simple Web Page ........ 26

HTML Tags Every XHTML Web Page Must Have .. 29

Organizing a Page with Paragraphs and Line

Breaks ...................................................... 31

Organizing Your Content with Headings .......... 34

Validating Your Web Content .......................... 36

The Scoop on HTML, XML, XHTML, and HTML5 .. 38

CHAPTER 7: Using External and Internal

Links 123

Using Web Addresses ................................ 123

Linking Within a Page Using Anchors ............ 126

Linking Between Your Own Web Content ........ 129

Linking to External Web Content .................. 131

Linking to an Email Address ........................ 132

Opening a Link in a New Browser Window .... 134

Using CSS to Style Hyperlinks .................... 134

CHAPTER 3: Understanding Cascading Style

Sheets 45

How CSS Works .......................................... 46

A Basic Style Sheet .................................... 47

A CSS Style Primer ...................................... 52

Using Style Classes .................................... 57

Using Style IDs ............................................ 59

Internal Style Sheets and Inline Styles ............ 59

CHAPTER 8: Working with Colors,

Images, and Multimedia 141

Best Practices for Choosing Colors .............. 141

Understanding Web Colors .......................... 143

Using Hexadecimal Values for Colors ............ 145

Using CSS to Set Background, Text, and

Border Colors ............................................ 146

Choosing Graphics Software ........................ 148

The Least You Need to Know About Graphics .. 149

Preparing Photographic Images .................... 150

Creating Banners and Buttons .................... 155

Reducing the Number of Colors in an Image .... 157

Working with Transparent Images ................ 158

Creating Tiled Backgrounds ........................ 159

Creating Animated Web Graphics ................ 160

Placing Images on a Web Page .................... 161

Describing Images with Text ........................ 163

Specifying Image Height and Width .............. 165

Aligning Images ........................................ 165

CHAPTER 4: Understanding JavaScript 65

Learning Web Scripting Basics ...................... 65

How JavaScript Fits into a Web Page .............. 67

Exploring JavaScript’s Capabilities .................. 70

Displaying Time with JavaScript ...................... 71

Beginning the Script .................................... 71

Adding JavaScript Statements ...................... 72

Creating Output .......................................... 73

Adding the Script to a Web Page .................... 73

Testing the Script ........................................ 74

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