Computes_Machine_Language_for_Beginners.pdf

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LANGUAGE
FOR
BEGINNERS
Machine Language Programming
For BASIC Language Programmers
Richard Mansfield
COMPUTE!"Publicationsjncffl
ASubsidiaryOfAmerican Broadcasting Companies, Inc.
7"! Greensboro,NorthCarolina
MACHINE
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"A few entrypoints, original/upgradeROM" and "PlottingWith the CBM2022Printer"
were originally published in COMPUTE! Magazine, January/February 1980, copyright
1980, Small System Services, Inc. "BASIC 4.0 Memory Map" and "PET 4.0 ROM
Routines" were originally published in COMPUTE! Magazine, November/December
1980, copyright 1980, Small SystemServices, Inc. "MoreVICMaps" wasoriginallypub
lishedinCOMPUTE!Magazine, March 1982, copyright1982, SmallSystemServices, Inc.
"Commodore 64 Memory Map" was originally published in COMPUTE! Magazine,
October 1982, copyright 1982, Small System Services, Inc. "Shoot" was originally pub
lishedinCOMPUTE!Magazine, September1981, copyright1981, SmallSystemServices,
Inc. "SUPERMON:APrimaryToolForMachineLanguageProgramming^'wasoriginally
published in COMPUTE! Magazine, December 1981, copyright 1981, Small System
Services, Inc. "MICROMON: AnEnhancedMachineLanguageMonitor"wasoriginally
publishedinCOMPUTE!Magazine,January1982, copyright1982, SmallSystemServices,
Inc. "VIC Micromon" was originally published in COMPUTE! Magazine, November
1982, copyright1982, SmallSystemServices, Inc. "Supermon64"wasoriginallypublished
in COMPUTE! Magazine, January 1983, copyright 1983, Small System Services, Inc.
Copyright © 1983, SmallSystemServices, Inc. Allrightsreserved.
ReproductionortranslationofanypartofthisworkbeyondthatpermittedbySections
107and108oftheUnitedStatesCopyrightActwithoutthepermissionofthecopyright
ownerisunlawful.
PrintedintheUnited StatesofAmerica
ISBN0-942386-11-6
10 9 8 7
COMPUTE! Publications, Inc., Post Office Box 5406, Greensboro, NC 27403, (919)
275-9809, is one of the ABC Publishing Companies, and is not associated with any
manufacturer of personal computers. PET, CBM, VIC-20, and Commodore 64 are
trademarks of Commodore Business Machines, Inc. and/or Commodore Electronics
Limited. Atari is a trademark of Atari, Inc. Apple is a trademark of Apple Computer
Company.
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TableofContents
Preface
v
Introduction — Why Machine Language?
vii
Chapter I: HowTo Use This Book
I
Chapter 2: The Fundamentals
7
Chapter 3: The Monitor
23
Chapter4: Addressing
37
Chapter 5: Arithmetic
53
Chapter 6: The Instruction Set
63
Chapter 7: Borrowingfrom BASIC
91
Chapter8: BuildingA Program
97
Chapter 9: ML Equivalents
OfBASIC Commands
121
Appendices
A: Instruction Set
149
B:Maps
167
C: Assembler Programs
223
D: Disassembler Programs
237
E: Number Charts
243
F: Monitor Extensions
253
G: The Wedge
335
Index
339
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