d20 Terra Ferax Innovations Roman Name Tables.pdf

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Roman Name Tables
By Mark G. West
Edited by Lenora L. West
Distributed at the Terra Ferax Innovations Website www.terraferax.com
2003 Mark G. West. All rights reserved. This material is protected under the copyright laws of the United
States of America. Any reproduction, retransmission, or unauthorized use of the content is prohibited without the express written
permission of Mark G. West.
The mention of or reference to any company or product in these pages is not a challenge to the trademark or copyright
concerned.
All content is
Table of Contents
Roman Name Tables © 2003, Mark G. West
www.terraferax.com
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TABLE 5-P1: Religious Descriptors
TABLE 5-P2: Religious Descriptors
TABLE 5-P3: Religious Descriptors
TABLE 5-P4: Religious Descriptors
TABLE 5-P5: Religious Descriptors
Appendix B: Select Nomen Gentilicium
Appendix C: Select Gens - Tribu And
Game Master Speed Tips:
Ideally, you'll make up a
list of a 10-20 names for
each gender in case you are
in a pinch for a name.
If you need an NPC in a
hurry, just choose or
generate a cognomen (the
most common form of
address). If the NPC
becomes important later,
flesh out his or her name
later.
Sometimes you need a
name when you are
unprepared. In these cases,
consider the following:
1.
Pick or choose a
genitive name (nomen
gentilicium) and a
cognomen. Most people
think of "Julius Caesar"
not "Gaius Julius
Caesar". Don’t worry
about other naming
elements.
2.
If you need a Senator
from Rome, skip to
Appendix C and pick a
tribe and gens. Then
use Appendix B to
choose a cognomen.
Generate or pick a
praenomen, if desired.
3.
For an ordinary citizen
anywhere in Italy,
choose or generate an
NPC normally.
4.
For provincial citizens
beyond Italy, choose or
generate a praenomen
and genitive name, and
fit a regional name into
the cognomen position
(i.e. Robert becomes
Robertus).
5.
For non-humans, refer
to Appendix D.
Roman Name Tables © 2003, Mark G. West
www.terraferax.com
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Foreword
Every attempt has been made to present this
document as historically accurate as possible, but
these tables are designed for fantasy role playing
games. This work incorporates fictional elements,
popular in modern role playing and in no way is
meant to represent or misrepresent historical beings
or naming protocols.
Some of the guidelines presented herein
follow the naming structures followed in Roman
epigraphy (names chiseled in stone). Many of those
old stones have weathered, been defaced, were
abbreviated (and yes, some were chiseled by people
who made up their own spellings and abbreviations).
This document is designed for those people who want
Roman names for fictional characters, but are tired of
"pun names" (i.e. the Senator Scruus "Screw Us"
Maximus, his wife Voluptua, his son Idiotus, and
their dog Waggius Tailus). Use these tables as you
want.
match genitive names to cognomens and tribes ; they
are non-comprehensive, but match these elements of
authentic Roman names.
Politically Correct Romans
"Vertically-challenged" Romans did not exist;
if you were small, you were small . Romans were not
only happy to point out differences amongst people,
they would bestow a nickname based on the
difference, too.
As with all the naming tables, Characters
should be encouraged to pick names and not roll
unless they want to. (The table structure is really
designed to help the Game Master quickly produce
names for NPCs). Never let the dice overrule
common sense or preference; if you decide to roll on
these tables and see a name that better suits your
tastes, ignore the dice. It's your character's name
after all.
The Downside
A good deal of this work relies on two
sources, recorded names from works in Latin and
Epigraphs (inscriptions).
Only so many works from antiquity exist. An
excellent example is Sappho (or Psappha). She's a
poet from the Isle of Lesbos, a contemporary of
Alcaeus, and wrote lyric poetry (none of her work
survives). Ovid mentions her in Heralces XV:51 and
she is alluded to in the Parian Marble (Marmor
Parium). She existed, she wrote, and yet her work is
lost to time.
Because so much of this document relies on
epigraphy then, only people with preserved epigraphs
shape the content of the tables. That means if you
were too poor (or poorly thought of) to receive a
marker or if your marker stone was vandalized (or
just used for a building foundation and forgotten),
then there are potential names we'll never know
about. A good example of this is Armiger (a weapon
or armor bearer, sometimes describe as squire) is a
cognomen (part of the surname). Parmatus (a shield
bearer) would then seem reasonable…only I couldn't
find a name with that as an element. Therefore,
Parmatus could be included for completeness, but I
have leaned on the side of documentable accuracy;
thus, no Parmatus. In other cases, I have included
elements for completeness, but when doing so, I note
its inclusion for completeness, not accuracy.
Additionally, there are many more names
that could have been added to this document (which
is already lengthy). Not every name found in
epigraphs has been included. The vast number of
names herein should satisfy most roleplayers' needs.
Finally, this document is not a genealogical
work. Within the context of the text, as appropriate,
references may be made (either to a physical work or
an electronic website).
See Appendix A: Bibliography for sources to
even more names than this work contains.
When I read an entry in a Latin reference
work which claims that one name is a common name,
while another is a name for a particular family, the
latter implies to me sole possession; perhaps I read
too closely. While it is true that the Imperial Senate
did place bans on name usage, if you want tables with
"this name is acceptable until XXX AD", keep
looking. However, these tables should provide you
with an excellent starting point for your Magnum
Opus.
Here are a few exceptions to the normal
naming rules:
•
Marcellus is associated with gens
Claudia, and Livia, Maria and Nonia, to
name a few . An example of a non-
Claudian Marcellus is Q Appius
Marcellus (refer to Corpus
Inscriptionum Latinarum, or C I L, II
3602 ).
Since Nasica is a name tied to the
Scipios, and the Scipios to gens Cornelia,
you'll no doubt appreciate L(ucius)
Tullius L(ucii) F(ilius) Nasic(a) (refer to
L' Année Épigraphique 1987; Nine (AE
1987: 300)).
Sulla is a cognomen of the gens Cornelia;
check out A(ulus) Opinius C(aii) F(ilius)
Sulla (refer to L' Année Épigraphique
1982; Ten (AE 1982, 169)).
The praenomen Appius is common in the
gens Claudia; but check out Ap Ivnio
Silano; Refer to Dessau, Inscriptiones
Latinae Selectae Titvli opervm
locorvmqve pvblicorvm. Signa. Bases.
Aedicvlae. ILS 5438 ; Ten 1196 .
Having said all that, the tables presented
herein allow for a liberal naming scheme; sticklers for
precise historical accuracy may be appalled. If you
are such a stickler, consult Appendices B and C which
Roman Name Tables © 2003, Mark G. West
www.terraferax.com
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Section I:
Reading a Roman Name
Modern naming derives from Roman
naming, but the Romans did things different. What is
Johann Sebastian Bach's given name? Both you and
the Roman would say Johann. Now for the surname:
you likely would say Bach; a Roman would have said
Sebastian. Roman naming order follows the order of
given name +surname + descriptor(s); the only
required element is the surname.
Let's use a Roman centurion's name as an
example: Tiberius Julius Maternus.
Another way to gain insight into names is to
look at known generations of Roman citizens.
Sons A father passes the family name by his
surname (for Romans, the nomen gentilicium). But
the idea of Julius Caesar, Jr. just won't work. By
keeping the praenomen and nomen gentilicium
constant, the "junior" effect was created.
For example, consider Cleopatra's lover Mark
Anthony. In Livy's History of Rome and Tacitus'
Historia and Anales, we can construct the following
family tree (the numbers indicate generations from
the root individual):
Praenomen
The praenomen ("prename") is a personal, or
first name. Tiberius is our centurion's praenomen.
1.
Marcus Antonius (Orator, censor 99 BC)
2. Marcus Antonius Creticus (praetor 74 BC)
3. Marcus Antonius (82 BC - 30 BC;
Trumvir and Cleopatra's lover)
2.
Nomen Gentilicium (Gens)
Nomen Gentilicium ("gentile name") is a
family name or surname (i.e. gens). Tiberius' nomen
gentilicium is Julius.
Gaius Antonius
3. Antonia (wife of her own cousin,
Marcus Antonius, above)
4. Antonia II
Marcus Antonius (the orator) does not have a
cognomen; his son has a cognomen and his grandson
does not. As the nomen gentilicium (Antonius) is all
that is required, any of them could simply name their
son Antonius and the child would be aptly named.
Marcus Antonius (the orator's) second son has a
different praenomen (Gaius).
In the case of father and son being identical,
the son usually added his filiation, as in "Marcus
Antonius Marci filium" (Marc Anthony, son of Marc).
Filiation is discussed later in this document.
Using Tacitus and Livy as sources again, we
can construct another tree to see naming dynamics;
this time, we'll follow a foreign family that becomes
Roman. Lucumo was an Etruscan who with his wife
Tanaquil moved to Rome; Lucumo changed his name
from Lucumo to Lucius Tarquinius Priscus (in
Etruscan,
Cognomen
Cognomen ("kindred name"; Cf. cognatio) is
a qualifier that denotes a branch in the family (gens).
Tiberius is a member of the cognomen Materna; he's
a Julius Maternus. Gaius Julius Caesar (yes, that
Julius Caesar) was a member of the same gens as
Tiberius, but was part of a different branch of the
family (they were possibly distant cousins).
Open a Latin dictionary and you'll find that
maternus means maternal; caesar refers to a head full
of hair. These descriptors can point out physical
characteristics (like the English surnames Strong,
Little, and even Crookshank which refers to a crooked
leg), Colors (Cf. White, Green Brown), or even
occupations (like the English surnames Smith,
Carpenter and Miller do).
Tarquin
meant
Lord,
see
Tria Nomina
The praenomen, the nomen gentilicium, and
the cognomen can all be referred to as the tria
nomina. But there is also a special cognomen, called
an agnomen, and honorific names can be bestowed
upon you by politicians (senators and emperors).
Looking at names of emperors can be
informative, but they frequently changed their own
names. Looking at the names of minor public
officials, senators, and writers gives us a better idea
of ordinary citizens' names. One of Rome's
noteworthy historians is Tacitus (56 - 120 AD), his
name was actually Gaius Cornelius Tacitus, but we
refer to him by his cognomen; actually Tacitus'
praenomen may have been Publius either way, he
isn’t referred to as Gaius or Publius. Another
historian worth mention is Livy or Titus Livy (59 BC -
17 AD).
1. Demaratus (Corinthian noble)
2. Arun (or Arruns)
3. Egerius
4. Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus
2.(Lucumo) Lucius Tarquinius Priscus (fifth king*
of Rome; murdered 579 BC)
3. Lucius Tarquinius Superbus (seventh
and last king* of Rome)
4. Sextus Tarquinius
4. Arruns Tarquinius
4. Titus Tarquinius
2. Tarquinia (wife of Marcus Junius)
3. Lucius Junius Brutus (founder of the
Roman Republic)
4. Titus Junius Brutus
4. Tiberius Junius Brutus
* Roman kings were elected; rulership was
not passed as a hereditary title.
Roman Name Tables © 2003, Mark G. West
www.terraferax.com
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