Signal Processing of Random Physiological Signals - Charles S. Lessard.pdf

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SIGNAL PROCESSING
OF RANDOM
PHYSIOLOGICAL
SIGNALS
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Copyright © 2006 by Morgan & Claypool
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or any other
except for brief quotations in printed reviews, without the prior permission of the publisher.
Signal Processing of Random Physiological Signals
Charles S. Lessard
www.morganclaypool.com
159829038X paper Lessard
1598290398 ebook Lessard
DOI 10.2200/S00012ED1V01Y200602BME001
A Publication in the Morgan & Claypool Publishers series
SYNTHESIS LECTURES ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
Lecture #1
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
First Edition
Printed in the United States of America
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SIGNAL PROCESSING
OF RANDOM
PHYSIOLOGICAL
SIGNALS
Charles S. Lessard, Ph.D.
Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
SYNTHESIS LECTURES ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING #1
& C
Morgan & Claypool Publishers
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iv
ABSTRACT
This lecture book is intended to be an accessible and comprehensive introduction to
random signal processing with an emphasis on the real-world applications of biosignals .
Although the material has been written and developed primarily for advanced undergrad-
uate biomedical engineering students it will also be of interest to engineers and interested
biomedical professionals of any discipline seeking an introduction to the field. Within
education, most biomedical engineering programs are aimed to provide the knowledge
required of a graduate student while undergraduate programs are geared toward de-
signing circuits and of evaluating only the cardiac signals. Very few programs teach the
processes with which to evaluate brainwave, sleep, respiratory sounds, heart valve sounds,
electromyograms, electro-oculograms, or random signals acquired from the body. The
primary goal of this lecture book is to help the reader understand the time and frequency
domain processes which may be used and to evaluate random physiological signals. A
secondary goal is to learn the evaluation of actual mammalian data without spending
most the time writing software programs. This publication utilizes “DADiSP”, a digital
signal processing software, from the DSP Development Corporation.
KEYWORDS
Signals, Processes, Time Domain, Frequency Domain, Random Data
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Contents
1. Biomedical Engineering Signal Analysis .....................................1
1.1. Introduction .........................................................1
1.2. Generalized Systems Engineering Approach . ...........................1
2. System Classification ...................................................... 5
2.1. Order ...............................................................5
2.2. Causal vs. Noncausal .................................................6
2.3. Linear vs. Nonlinear ..................................................6
2.4. Fixed vs. Time-Varying ...............................................8
2.5. Lumped Parameter vs. Distributed Parameter ...........................8
2.6. Continuous Time vs. Discrete Time . . ................................. 9
2.7. Instantaneous vs. Dynamic ............................................9
3. Classification of Signals ...................................................11
3.1. How are Signals Classified ...........................................12
3.1.1. Periodic vs. Nonperiodic Signals ...............................13
3.1.2. Random vs. Nonrandom Signals ...............................13
3.1.3. Energy Signals vs. Power Signals .............................. 14
3.2. Signal Characterization (Measurable Parameters) ...................... 15
3.2.1. Bandwidth .................................................. 16
3.2.2. Time–Bandwidth Product . ................................... 17
3.2.3. Dimensionality .............................................. 17
3.3. Reference .......................................................... 18
4. Basis Functions and Signal Representation ..................................19
4.1. Introduction to Basis Functions ...................................... 19
4.2. Desirable Properties of Basis Functions ................................19
4.3. Evaluation of Coefficients ............................................20
4.4. Signal Representations .............................................. 23
4.4.1. Fourier Transforms ...........................................23
4.4.2. Legendre Functions ..........................................27
4.4.3. Laguerre Functions ...........................................27
4.4.4. Hermite Functions ...........................................28
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