02.11.2011
PHRASAL VERBS: run down
RUN DOWN = become unwound/discharged (of clocks/batteries, etc.):
[Pol. rozładować się]
This torch is useless; the battery has run down.
BE RUN DOWN = be in poor health after illness, overwork etc.:
[Pol. być wyczerpanym]
He is still run down after his illness and unfit for work.
RUN DOWN = disparage, speak ill of:
[Pol. obgadywać]
He is always running down his neighbours.
03.11.2011
Vocabulary Revision
Fill in Mark Twain’s quotes with the words from the box.
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ACKNOWLEDGES, APPARENTLY, APPROVAL, FALSE, WILL
Be careless in your dress if you 1._______, but keep a tidy soul.
2._______ there is nothing that cannot happen today.
A man cannot be comfortable without his own 3._______.
All generalizations are 4._______, including this one.
A man is never more truthful than when he 5._______ himself a liar.
_________________________
Key: 1. will, 2. apparently, 3. approval, 4. false, 5. acknowledges
08.11.2011
PHRASAL VERBS: run
RUN OUT OF = have none left, having consumed all the supply:
[Pol. skończyć się]
I have run out of milk. Put some lemon in your tea instead.
RUN OVER = drive over accidentally (in a vehicle):
[Pol. przejechać]
The drunk man stepped into the road right in front of the oncoming car. The driver couldn't stop in time and ran over him.
RUN OVER/THROUGH = rehearse, check or revise quickly:
[Pol. powtórzyć sobie]
We've got a few minutes before the train goes, so I'll just run through your instructions again.
09.11.2011
INSTRUCTIONS (polecenia) / NEEDS (potrzeby) / COMPULSION (przymus)
(You should) place both hands on the bar and push hard.
Please / Kindly ensure that / see to it that you are here by 7 a.m.
You must / You are to / You will report to the duty sergeant on arrival.
You have (got) to do as I say, there are no two ways about it.
You have to have / You need a teaching qualification in order to be considered. / A teaching qualification is a requirement for this post.
It is essential / necessary / indispensable / obligatory / compulsory to wear protective clothing.
Everyone is obliged / required to sign this declaration.
He was forced by the thieves to open the safe.
Under no circumstances / On no account must you drink alcohol after taking these pills.
10.11.2011
Vocabulary Exercise
Put the words from the box into the gaps.
---------------------------------
THROUGH, OVER, OUT
1. The driver couldn't stop in time and ran _______ the dog.
2. I have run ________ of milk. Put some lemon in your tea instead.
3. We've got a few minutes before the train goes, so I'll just run _________ your instructions again.
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1. over, 2. out, 3. through
14.11.2011
British Stuff: Fisherman’s FriendFisherman's Friend is a brand of strong menthol lozenges produced by Lofthouse company in Fleetwood, Lancashire, England.
The product was originally developed by a young pharmacist named James Lofthouse in 1865 to relieve various respiratory problems suffered by fishermen working in the extreme conditions of the Icelandic deep-sea fishing grounds.
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lozenges = pastylka do ssania
to relieve = przynieść ulgę
respiratory = oddechowy
15.11.2011
EXPRESSING APPROVAL / DISAPPROVAL
(wyrażanie aprobaty / dezaprobaty)
I like / I don't like / object to the way he looks at me.
I love / hate / can't: stand this music.
This is just: what I want / I what I don't want.
I am keen on jazz / a jazz enthusiast / a jazz fan. / I dislike jazz.
I approve of / I endorse / I am in favour of this policy. // I disapprove of / I am against / I am opposed to
this policy.
She supports / She backs this plan. / She opposes this plan.
He is a supporter / opponent of animal experiments.
16.11.2011
RUN UP BILLS = incur them and increase them by continuing to buy things and put them down to one's account:
[kumulować, zwiększać rachunki]
Her husband said that she must pay for things at once and not run up bills.
RUN THROUGH = consume extravagantly, waste (used of supplies or money):
[przepuścić]
He inherited a fortune and ran through it in a year.
RUN UP AGAINST difficulties/opposition = encounter them/it:
[napotkać problemy]
If he tries to change the rules of the club he will run up against a lot of opposition.
18.11.2011
FAMOUS QUOTES: Alfred Hitchcock
A good film is when the price of the dinner, the theatre admission and the babysitter were worth it.
Always make the audience suffer as much as possible.
Give them pleasure - the same pleasure they have when they wake up from a nightmare.
If I made Cinderella, the audience would immediately be looking for a body in the coach.
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(movie) theatre = [AmE] kino
admission = wstęp
babysitter = opiekunka do dziecka
to be worth it = być czegoś wartym
audience = widownia
to suffer = cierpieć
Cinderella = Kopciuszek
a coach = karoca
21.11.2011
Anglo-Saxon and British Monarchs: Offa
Offa was the King of Mercia from 757 until his death in July 796. Many historians regard Offa as the most powerful Anglo-Saxon king before Alfred the Great.
Offa seized power in the civil war that followed the murder of his cousin, King Aethelbald. By ruthlessly suppressing resistance from several small kingdoms in and around Mercia, he created a single state covering most of England south of modern Yorkshire. The lesser kings of this region paid him homage, and he married his daughters to the rulers of Wessex and Northumbria.
An impressive memorial to Offa’s power survives in the great earthwork known as Offa’s Dyke (see picture above), which he had constructed between Mercia and the Welsh settlements to the west. Perhaps the most enduring achievement of his reign was the establishment of a new form of coinage (see picture above) bearing the king’s image, name and title.
to regard = postrzegać
to seize power = przejąć władzę
ruthlessly = bezlitośnie
to supress = tłumić
resistance = opór
lesser = pomniejszy
to pay homage = składać hołd
a ruler = władca
earthwork = wał
enduring = trwały
achievement = dokonanie
reign = panowanie
establishment = ustanowienie
coinage = system monetarny
to bear = nosić (np. podobiznę, logo, napis)
22.11.2011
STATE & ACTION VERBS
We use action verbs to describe things that happen. Action verbs are used in the present simple or the present continuous.
The sun shines ...
elza125