MySQL Cluster Administrator Guide.pdf

MySQL Cluster

Administrator Guide

Information about the storage engine used in MySQL Cluster

NDB Cluster Concepts

NDB Cluster Installation

NDB Cluster Configuration

Note that this guide is currently being re-written and that the

terminology used in this guide may change.

MySQL Cluster Release 3.3.3 (alpha)

Feb. 3rd, 2004

NDB Cluster Administrator Guide

MySQL Cluster Administrator Guide

No part of this document may be reproduced in any form without the written permission of the

MySQL AB assumes no legal responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document.

The information in this document is subject to change without notice, and should not be

construed as a commitment by MySQL AB.

NDB Cluster Administrators’ Guide

1.MYSQL CLUSTER CONCEPTS.........................................................................................................6

1.1.S YSTEM A RCHITECTURE ...........................................................................................................................6

Management Servers (MGM)..............................................................................................................6

Database Nodes (DB)..........................................................................................................................7

Applications (API)...............................................................................................................................7

1.2.D ISTRIBUTED P ROCESSING ........................................................................................................................7

Distribution and Replication...............................................................................................................7

Transparent Distribution using a Hash Function................................................................................7

Transparent Synchronous Replication.................................................................................................7

Example...............................................................................................................................................8

Concurrency and consistency..............................................................................................................9

1.3.C LUSTER N ODES (DB, MGM, AND API).................................................................................................9

Management Server (MGM).................................................................................................................9

Database Node (DB)...........................................................................................................................9

Applications (API).............................................................................................................................10

1.4.N ODE AND S YSTEM R ECOVERY ...............................................................................................................10

Logging..............................................................................................................................................10

Temporary tables...............................................................................................................................10

Node and System Recovery.................................................................................................................10

Automatic Node Recovery.................................................................................................................11

Automatic Multi-Node Recovery.......................................................................................................11

System Recovery................................................................................................................................11

1.5.E XAMPLE C ONFIGURATION : S INGLE N ODE ON A S INGLE C OMPUTER ..............................................................11

Failure Scenarios..............................................................................................................................12

1.6.E XAMPLE C ONFIGURATION : T WO N ODES ON F OUR C OMPUTERS ...................................................................12

Failure Scenarios..............................................................................................................................12

1.7.E XAMPLE C ONFIGURATION : F OUR N ODES ON F OUR C OMPUTERS ..................................................................13

Failure Scenarios..............................................................................................................................13

1.8.E XAMPLE C ONFIGURATION : E IGHT N ODES ON F OUR C OMPUTERS .................................................................14

Failure Scenarios..............................................................................................................................14

2.NDB CLUSTER INSTALLATION....................................................................................................15

2.1.S TEP 1 – (O NLY FOR W INDOWS 2000) O PERATING S YSTEM S ETTINGS .........................................................15

2.2.S TEP 2 – V ERIFY SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS .................................................................................................15

2.3.S TEP 3 – C REATE DIRECTORIES AND COPY FILES ( FOR EACH COMPUTER ).........................................................15

2.4.S TEP 4 - C REATE FILE SYSTEM FOR EACH DATABASE NODE ...........................................................................16

2.5.S TEP 5 – C REATE AND EDIT CONFIGURATION FILES ......................................................................................16

2.6.S TEP 6 – S TART M ANAGEMENT SERVER ....................................................................................................19

2.7.S TEP 7 – S TART DB NODES ...................................................................................................................19

2.8.S TEP 8 – S TART API NODES ..................................................................................................................19

2.9.S TEP 9 – NDB C LUSTER SHUTDOWN ......................................................................................................20

2.10.S TEP 10 – (O PTIONAL ) NDB C LUSTER ON MULTIPLE COMPUTERS ..............................................................20

3.NDB CLUSTER CONFIGURATION................................................................................................21

3.1.E NVIRONMENT VARIABLES (UNIX OPERATING SYSTEMS ONLY ).....................................................................21

3.2.C ONFIGURATION FILES ...........................................................................................................................22

Updating parameters.........................................................................................................................22

3.3.M ANAGEMENT S ERVER ..........................................................................................................................22

3.4.M ANAGEMENT S ERVER S TARTUP OPTIONS .................................................................................................22

3.5.M ANAGEMENT S ERVER CONFIGURATION FILE ( CONFIG . INI )............................................................................22

[ SYSTEM] Configuration parameters for a whole NDB Cluster......................................................23

[ COMPUTER] Parameters for host computers.................................................................................23

[ DB] Parameters for database nodes................................................................................................24

[ TCP] Parameters for TCP connections (transporters)....................................................................30

[ SCI] Parameters for SCI connections (transporters).......................................................................31

[ DB], [API], [MGM] Parameters for database, application and management nodes.....................32

NDB Cluster Administrator Guide

[ API], [MGM] Parameters for application and management nodes................................................32

[ MGM] Parameters for management nodes......................................................................................33

3.6.C ONFIGURATION OF DB AND API NODES ..................................................................................................33

4.MANAGEMENT COMMANDS.........................................................................................................35

4.1.E VENT L OGS ........................................................................................................................................35

Cluster Log........................................................................................................................................36

Node log.............................................................................................................................................37

4.2.L OG EVENTS ..........................................................................................................................................37

4.3.S INGE USER MODE .................................................................................................................................39

Enter single user mode......................................................................................................................39

Exit single user mode..........................................................................................................................39

Single user mode and node failures..................................................................................................40

5.BACKUP AND RESTORE.................................................................................................................41

5.1.C ONCEPTS .............................................................................................................................................41

Meta data...........................................................................................................................................41

Table records.....................................................................................................................................41

Committed log...................................................................................................................................41

5.2.U SING THE MANAGEMENT SERVER TO CREATE A BACKUP ..............................................................................41

5.3.U SING THE MANAGEMENT SERVER TO ABORT A BACKUP ................................................................................42

5.4.H OW TO RESTORE A BACKUP ...................................................................................................................42

5.5.C ONFIGURATION FOR BACKUP ...................................................................................................................43

5.6.T ROUBLESHOOTING .................................................................................................................................43

6.USING SCALABLE COHERENT INTERFACE (SCI)...................................................................44

Hardware...........................................................................................................................................44

Software.............................................................................................................................................44

6.1.E XAMPLE CONFIGURATION FILE .................................................................................................................44

7.NDB SQL..............................................................................................................................................46

7.1.SQL................................................................................................................................................46

Data types..........................................................................................................................................46

Expressions........................................................................................................................................46

Functions : aggregate.........................................................................................................................47

Predicates..........................................................................................................................................47

Create table.......................................................................................................................................47

Schemas.............................................................................................................................................48

Drop table..........................................................................................................................................48

Create and Drop Index.......................................................................................................................48

Select..................................................................................................................................................48

Insert and write...................................................................................................................................50

Update.................................................................................................................................................50

Delete.................................................................................................................................................50

7.2.D ATA FORMATS ....................................................................................................................................50

NDB Cluster limitations....................................................................................................................51

Known problems NDB Cluster Release 2.10.....................................................................................51

8.TROUBLESHOOTING......................................................................................................................52

8.1.T HE MANAGEMENT SERVER ( MGMTSRVR ) DOES NOT START ............................................................................52

8.2.A DATABASE NODE ( NDB ) FAILS TO CONNECT TO A MANAGEMENT SERVER ( MGMTSRVR )....................................52

8.3.D ATABASE NODE ( NDB ) DOES NOT START ..................................................................................................52

8.4.D ATABASE NODE ( NDB ) DOES NOT START BECAUSE OF N DB M EM _A LLOCATE ERROR ........................................52

8.5.A N APPLICATION CAN NOT BE STARTED .....................................................................................................53

NDB Cluster Administrators’ Guide

8.6.D ATABASE NODE FAILS WHILE DATABASE IS LOADED WITH INFORMATION ........................................................53

8.7.O NE OR MORE DATABASE NODES FAIL DURING STARTUP ................................................................................53

8.8.A DATABASE NODE FAILS DURING OPERATION .............................................................................................53

8.9.C OMPILATION PROBLEMS OF APPLICATION PROGRAMS ...................................................................................53

8.10.A FTER A POWER FAILURE , ONE OR MORE DATABASE NODES DO NOT RESTART .................................................54

8.11.H IGH LOAD PROBLEMS ( MANY CONCURRENT DATA - INTENSIVE TRANSACTIONS )...............................................54

8.12.O THER PROBLEMS ...............................................................................................................................54

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