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Fortran 90 Handbook

Complete ANSI / ISO Reference

Jeanne C. Adams

Walter S. Brainerd

Jeanne T. Martin

Brian T. Smith

Jerrold L. Wagener

Intertext Publications

McGraw-Hill Book Company

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 91-77211

reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of

this book may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system without the

prior written permission of the authors and the publisher.

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

ISBN 0-07-000406-4

Intertext Publications/Multiscience Press, Inc. One Lincoln Plaza New York, NY 10023

McGraw-Hill Book Company 1221 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10020

Composition by UNICOMP

Preface

The Fortran 90 Handbook is a deﬁnitive and comprehensive guide to Fortran 90

and its use. Fortran 90, the latest standard version of Fortran, has many

excellent new features that will assist the programmer in writing efﬁcient,

portable, and maintainable programs. The Fortran 90 Handbook is an informal

description of Fortran 90, developed to provide not only a readable

explanation of features, but also some rationale for the inclusion of features

and their use. In addition, “models” give the reader better insight as to why

things are done as they are in the language.

This handbook is intended for anyone who wants a comprehensive survey of

Fortran 90, including those familiar with programming language concepts but

unfamiliar with Fortran. Experienced Fortran 77 programmers will be able to

use this volume to assimilate quickly those features in Fortran 90 that are not

in Fortran 77 (Fortran 90 is a superset of Fortran 77).

Chapter 0 provides a brief overview of several of the most important features

that are new in Fortran 90. Chapters 1–14 correspond to Sections 1–14 in the

standard. (The standard is the complete ofﬁcial description of the language,

but it is written in a legally airtight, formal style without tutorial material and

can be difﬁcult to understand in places.) The handbook and the standard can

be examined in parallel for insights into the Fortran language. This makes it

feasible to use this handbook to “decipher” the standard, and this is an ideal

use of this book.

Although the handbook is written for use in conjunction with the standard, it

is also designed as a practical stand-alone description of Fortran 90. In the

interest of readability, a few of the more obscure aspects of the standard may

iii

not be treated rigorously; any such cases should not impact the usefulness of

this handbook in describing Fortran 90. On the other hand, in places where the

standard is not completely clear, a reasonable interpretation is often given,

together with ways to implement and program that will avoid potential

problems due to misinterpretation of the standard. Of course, if information is

being sought to understand a ﬁne point of compiler implementation, settle a

bet, resolve a court case, or determine the answer to a Fortran trivia question,

the standard itself should be considered the ﬁnal authority.

The syntactic features of the language are described completely in the

appendices, and these can serve as continual concise references for Fortran 90.

Other Sources of Information

Other parts of the book can be used to help ﬁnd information.

• Each of the intrinsic functions is described in detail in Appendix A,

although a general discussion of the intrinsic functions is included in

Chapter 13.

• The complete syntax of Fortran 90 may be found in Appendix B. The syntax

rules are numbered exactly as they are in the Fortran standard. There is a

cross reference that lists, for each nonterminal syntactic term, the number of

the rule in which it is deﬁned, and all rules in which it is referenced.

• Appendix C contains a listing of the obsolescent features.

• The index is unusually comprehensive.

• There is an index of examples, giving the location of program examples that

illustrate the use of many Fortran 90 features.

For an informal and tutorial approach to learning Fortran 90, the book,

Programmers Guide to Fortran 90 , Second Edition , by Brainerd, Goldberg, and

Adams (Unicomp, Albuquerque, NM, 1993) is more appropriate.

Style of the Programming Examples

In order to illustrate many features of the language and as many uses of these

features as possible, no single particular style has been used when writing the

examples. In many cases, the style illustrated is not necessarily one that the

authors recommend.

FORTRAN User’s Guide

Acknowledgments

Material in the appendices of this book was developed by the ANSI committee

X3J3 and the ISO committee SC22/WG5 for inclusion in the Fortran 90

standard ISO/IEC 1539 : 1991. This material is reprinted with the permission of

the International Standards Organization.

Comments provided by Charles Goldberg have increased the accuracy and

readability of this book enormously.

Fortran 90 Handbook is reproduced herein with the permission of McGraw-

Printed Copies

Printed copies of this book may be obtained by ordering from

Unicomp, Inc.

1874 San Bernardino Ave NE

Albuquerque, NM 87122 USA

+1-505-275-0800

+1-505-856-1501 (fax)

Visit the Fortran market: http://www.fortran.com/fortran

The home page includes how to order this book in hard copy.

Jeanne C. Adams

Walter S. Brainerd, walt@fortran.com

Jeanne. T. Martin

Brian T. Smith

Jerrold L. Wagener

January 1992

Adams-Brainerd-Martin-Smith-Wagener - Fortran 90 Handbook - Complete ANSI-ISO Reference [McGraw-H.pdf

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