Check Your English Vocabulary for Phrasal Verbs and Idioms - Rawdon Wyatt - 2006.pdf - English - td_chmk

CHECK YOUR ENGLISH VOCABULARY FOR

PHRASAL VERBS

AND

IDIOMS

Rawdon Wyatt

A & C Black

London

www.acblack.com

First published in Great Britain 2006

A & C Black Publishers Ltd

38 Soho Square, London W1D 3HB

No part of this publication may be reproduced in

any form without the permission of the publishers.

A CIP entry for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN-10: 0 7136 7805 4

ISBN-13: 978 0 7136 7805 5

eISBN-13: 978-1-4081-0158-2

Text typeset by A & C Black

Printed in Great Britain at Caligraving Ltd, Thetford, Norfolk

This book is produced using paper that is made from wood grown in managed, sustainable forests. It is natural, renewable and

recyclable. The logging and manufacturing processes conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin.

Introduction

If you want to practise and develop your knowledge of phrasal verbs and idioms, you will find this book very

useful. The various exercises contain many of the most common phrasal verbs and idioms, together with

some useful spoken expressions that you might expect to hear or use in an English-speaking environment.

You should not go through this book mechanically from beginning to end. It is better to choose one

particular verb or topic, do the exercise(s), make a record of any new words and expressions that you learn,

then practise using these in sentences or situations of your own. When you feel you have a good command

of these, move to another verb or topic and do the same. You should also review the things you have learned

on a regular basis, so that they remain 'fresh' in your mind and become part of your 'active' vocabulary.

The meanings of most of the phrasal verbs and idioms are explained in the book, either in the exercises

themselves, or in the answer key at the back. This key also provides you with lots of similar or alternative

expressions, together with examples of how they are used. However, we recommend that you keep a good

dictionary with you, and refer to it when necessary. In particular, we recommend the A & C Black Easier

English Intermediate Dictionary (ISBN 0-7475-6989-4) or the Macmillan English Dictionary (ISBN 0-333-

96482-9), from which many of the definitions and sample sentences in this book have been taken.

No vocabulary book can possibly contain all of the thousands of English phrasal verbs and idioms that you are

likely to come across or need, so it is important to acquire new ones from other sources. If you have access

to English-language newspapers, popular magazines, television and radio programmes, films and albums of

popular music, you will find that these are excellent resources.

We hope that you enjoy doing the exercises in this book. Before you begin, we suggest that you read this

important information about phrasal verbs and idioms.

What is a phrasal verb?

A phrasal verb is a verb formed from two (or sometimes three) parts: a verb and an adverb or preposition .

These adverbs and prepositions are often called particles when they are used in a phrasal verb.

Most phrasal verbs are formed from a small number of verbs (for example, get , go , come , put and set ) and a

small number of particles (for example, away , out , off , up and in ).

Phrasal verbs sometimes have meanings that you can easily guess (for example, sit down or look for ).

However, in most cases their meanings are quite different from the meanings of the verb they are formed

from. For example, hold up can mean 'to cause a delay' or 'to try to rob someone'. The original meaning of

hold (for example, to hold something in your hands ) no longer applies.

There are five main types of phrasal verb. These are:

Intransitive phrasal verbs (= phrasal verbs which do not need an object).

For example: You're driving too fast. You ought to slow down .

Transitive phrasal verbs (= phrasal verbs which must have an object) where the object can come in

one of two positions:

(1) Between the verb and the particle(s).

For example: I think I'll put my jacket on .

(2) After the particle.

For example: I think I'll put on my jacket .

However, if the object is a pronoun ( he , she , it , etc), it must usually come between the verb and the

particle.

For example: I think I'll put it on . (NOT I think I'll put on it .)

Transitive phrasal verbs where the object must come between the verb and the particle.

For example: Our latest designs set our company apart from our rivals.

Transitive phrasal verbs where the object must come after the particle.

For example: John takes after his mother .

Why do you put up with the way he treats you ?

Transitive phrasal verbs with two objects, one after the verb and one after the particle.

For example: They put their success down to good planning .

Some transitive phrasal verbs can be used in the passive, but the object cannot come between the verb and

the particle.

For example:

Active: The soldiers blew up the bridge / The soldiers blew the bridge up .

Passive: The bridge was blown up by the soldiers .

Active: Switch the lights off before you leave / Switch off the lights before you leave .

Passive: The lights must be switched off before you leave .

Active: It's time they did away with these silly rules .

Passive: It's time these silly rules were done away with . (where the subject is either not known or not

needed).

A dictionary such as the Bloomsbury Easier English Intermediate Dictionary or the Macmillan English

Dictionary will clearly show you the way you should use each phrasal verb.

What is an idiom ?

An idiom is an expression where the meaning is different from the meaning of the individual words.

For example, to have your feet on the ground is an idiom meaning 'to be sensible': " Tara is an intelligent girl

who has both her feet firmly on the ground ."

A lot of idioms are formed using phrasal verbs.

For example: After he left me, it took me a long time to pick up the pieces (= It took me a long time to

return to a normal life).

Many idioms are colloquial , which means that they are used in informal conversation rather than in writing

or formal language.

For example: "I won't tell anyone your secret . My lips are sealed ."

In this book, you will find a lot of colloquial idioms, together with some examples of slang (very informal

words and expressions that are often used by particular groups of people, such as teenagers). If an idiom that

is being practised is informal or very informal, the book will tell you this.

Check Your English Vocabulary for Phrasal Verbs and Idioms - Rawdon Wyatt - 2006.pdf

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