A BRIEF HISTORY OF KOREA.pdf

A B rief H istory

of K oreA

M ArK P eterson

with P hilliP M argulies

To Don and Linda Clark

A Brief History of Korea

or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by

any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the

publisher. For information contact:

Facts On File, Inc.

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New York, NY 10001

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Peterson, Mark, 1946–

A brief history of Korea / Mark Peterson with Phillip Margulies.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-0-8160-5085-7

1. Korea—History. 2. Korea (South)—History. 3. Korea (North)—History. I. Margulies,

Phillip, 1952– II. Title.

DS907.18.P49 2009

951.9—dc22 2009018889

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Text design by Lina Farinella

Illustrations by Pat Meschino

Composition by Hermitage Publishing Services

Cover printed by Art Print, Taylor, PA

Book printed and bound by Maple Press, York, PA

Date printed: December 2009

Printed in the United States of America

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

This book is printed on acid-free paper and contains 30 percent postconsumer recycled

content.

Contents

List of Illustrations

List of Maps

Introduction

vii

1 From Early Settlements to the Silla Uniication of Korea

(Prehistory–668)

2 Uniied Silla (668–935) and Koryo (918–1392)

3 The Early and Middle Choson (1392–1636)

4 Late Choson (1636–1910)

104

5 The Japanese Colony (1910–1945)

141

6 Liberation, Division, and the Korean War (1945–1953)

179

7 South Korea’s Long Road to Democracy (1953–2009)

209

8 North Korea (1945–2009)

245

Conclusion

276

Appendixes

1 Basic Facts: North Korea

281

2 Basic Facts: South Korea

284

3 Chronology

287

4 Bibliography

295

5 Suggested Reading

302

Index

314

List of iLLustrations

Site that, according to legend, is linked to the origins of the

irst Korean king

Northern-style dolmen

Painting from a Koguryo tomb depicting mounted warriors

in full armor

The tombs of Kyongju

From the Paekche kingdom, an elaborate incense burner

standing 25 inches (64 cm) tall

The tomb of King Suro, the founder of the Kaya state

Silla crown

Depiction of a lying horse from a mudguard below a king’s

saddle, found in Flying Horse Tomb in Kyongju

Astronomical observatory built during the reign of

Queen Sondok, (ca. 581–647)

Tomb of Kim Yusin

Pulguksa Temple, the temple of the Buddhist Land, built

in 751, Kyongju

Ten-foot-tall stone Buddha located inside a cave on a hill

above Pulguksa Temple 41

Page of the Silla period census preserved in Japan 48

Main hall of the Sunggyungwan, the Confucian Academy in Kaesong 57

Jikji , a Buddhist text printed in 1377

Section of the buildings housing printing blocks for printing

Buddhist scriptures

Wooden block carved with the most complete text of the

Buddhist cannon

Koryo celadon vase

Koryo celadon incense burner

First page of the declaration announcing the creation of the

Korean alphabet, 1446

Japanese invasion of Pusan on the southeast coast of the

Korean Peninsula, 1592 95

Japanese invasion overcoming the inland fortress of Tongnae in 1592 96

Cover of annal from the Choson dynasty

107

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