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Beginning HTML with
CSS and XHTML
Modern Guide and Reference
■■■
David Schultz and Craig Cook
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Beginning HTML with CSS and XHTML: Modern Guide and Reference
Copyright © 2007 by David Schultz, Craig Cook
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval
system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner and the publisher.
ISBN-13 (pbk): 978-1-59059-747-7
ISBN-10 (pbk): 1-59059-747-8
Printed and bound in the United States of America 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Trademarked names may appear in this book. Rather than use a trademark symbol with every occurrence
of a trademarked name, we use the names only in an editorial fashion and to the benefit of the trademark
owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark.
Lead Editor: Chris Mills
Technical Reviewer: Gez Lemon
Editorial Board: Steve Anglin, Ewan Buckingham, Gary Cornell, Jonathan Gennick, Jason Gilmore,
Jonathan Hassell, Chris Mills, Matthew Moodie, Jeffrey Pepper, Ben Renow-Clarke, Dominic Shakeshaft,
Matt Wade, Tom Welsh
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Contents at a Glance
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
About the Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
About the Technical Reviewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxi
■ CHAPTER 1 Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
■ CHAPTER 2 XHTML and CSS Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
■ CHAPTER 3 Moving A<head> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
■ CHAPTER 4 Adding Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
■ CHAPTER 5 Using Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
■ CHAPTER 6 Linking to the Web . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
■ CHAPTER 7 Using Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
■ CHAPTER 8 Building Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
■ CHAPTER 9 Adding Style to Your Documents: CSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
■ CHAPTER 10 Client-Side Scripting Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
■ CHAPTER 11 Putting It All Together . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
■ APPENDIX A XHTML 1.0 Strict Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
■ APPENDIX B Color Names and Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367
■ APPENDIX C Special Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
■ APPENDIX D CSS Browser Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
■ INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
iii
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Contents
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
About the Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
About the Technical Reviewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxi
■ CHAPTER 1 Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Introducing the Internet and the World Wide Web . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
What Is HTML? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
The Evolution of HTML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
One Language, Many Versions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
One Version, Three Flavors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Validating Your Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Separating Content from Presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Working with XHTML and CSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Choosing an HTML Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Choosing a Web Browser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Hosting Your Web Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Introducing the URL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
The Components of a URL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Absolute and Relative URLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
■ CHAPTER 2 XHTML and CSS Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
The Parts of Markup: Tags, Elements, and Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Block-Level and Inline Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Nesting Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
White Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Standard Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Adding Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
v
Contents
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