quickstudy - medical terminology basics.pdf
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QuickStudy - Medical Terminology: Basics
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WORLD’S #1
ACADEMIC OUTLINE
FOUNDATION OF
MEDICAL WORDS
THE HUMAN BODY
calor/i
heat
calorimetry
campt/o
bent
camptocormia
capsul/o, caps/o
capsule, container
capsulitis
carcin/o
A. Development
Cells - tissues - organs - systems - organism
1. Cells:
Major Components
a.
Cell membrane
b.
Cytoplasm
c.
Nucleus
2. Tissues:
Primary Types
a.
Connective
b.
Epithelium
c.
Muscle
d.
Nervous
3. Organs
a.
Composed of two or more different tissues
b.
Have specific functions
4. Systems:
Related organs with common functions
5. Organism:
A living person
A. Structure
Most medical words are composed of two or more
terms. To define a medical word:
•divide the word into its terms
• analyze the terms
• define the word
Examples:
Pericarditis
peri
= around;
card
= heart;
itis
= inflammation
Inflammation around the heart
O
ncology
onco
= tumor, mass;
logy
= study of
Study of tumors
cancer
carcinolysis
cari/o
caries, rottenness
cariogenic
-cataphasia
affirmation
acataphasia
cathar/o,
cleansing, purging
catharsis
cathart/o
-cathisia,
sitting
acathisia
-kathisia
caud/o
tail
caudal
cavit/o, cav/o
hollow, cavity
cavitation
chem/o
chemical, chemistry
chemosurgery
chron/o
time, timing
chronobiology
clin/o
to slope, bend
clinocephaly
-coimesis
sleeping
dyscoimesis
B. Terms
Te rm + Term (.....+.....) = medical word
There are five categories of terms:
1.
Prefix - beginning of a word
(ex.,
pre
____;
post
_____)
Designated by a “____” after the term.
2.
Suffix - ending of a word
(ex., _____
stomy
; _____
itis
)
Designated by a “____” before the term.
3.
Root - foundation/base of a word (ex.,
hepat
;
gastr
)
4.
Combining vowel - vowel (usually “o”) added to a
root (ex.,
gastro
).
Use a combining vowel when joining:
a.
Root to another root (ex.,
gastr
o
hepatitis
)
b.
Root to a suffix beginning with a consonant (ex.,
cardi
o
megaly
)
5.
Combining form - root + vowel (ex.,
hepat/o
;
gastr/o
)
Designated by a “/” between the root and the vowel
Examples:
Hyperleukocytosis
hyper
(prefix) = excessive
leuko
(combining form) = white
cyt
(root) = cell
osis
(suffix) = condition of
Definition: condition of excessive white blood cells
(leukocytes)
Hematotoxic
hemato
(combining form) = blood
tox
(root) = poison
ic
(suffix) = pertaining to
Definition: pertaining to blood poisoning
B. Cavities
A space containing organs
1. Dorsal
a.
Cranial
b.
Ve r tebral (spinal)
2. Ventral
a.
Abdominal
b.
Pelvic
c.
Thoracic
-coma
deep sleep
semicoma
consci/o
awareness, aware
unconscious
constrict/o
narrowing, binding
vasoconstriction
contus/o
to bruise
contusion
corpor/o
body
corporeal
critic/o
crisis, dangerous
critical
cry/o
cold
cryotherapy
cyt/o, -cyte
cell
cytocide
dem/o
people
epidemic
C. Planes
An imaginary flat surface
1. Frontal
– anterior/posterior
2. Sagittal
– right/left
3. Transverse
– upper/lower
desicc/o
to dry
electrodesiccation
dilat/o
enlarge,expand
vasodilator
dolich/o
long
dolichofacial
dolor/o
pain
dolorogenic
dors/o
back
dorsoventral
D. Positions
A reference point for location or direction.
1. Anterior/Ventral
– front of the body
Posterior/Dorsal
– back of the body
2. Deep
– away from the surface
Superficial
– on the surface
3. Inferior
– situated below
Superior
– situated above
4. Lateral
– pertaining to the side
5. Medial
– pertaining to the middle
6. Prone
– lying face down
Supine
– lying face up
duct/o
to lead
conduction
dynam/o
power, strength
dynamometer
-dynia
pain
gastrodynia
dys-
bad, difficult, painful
dysphonia
echin/o
spiny, prickly
echinocyte
ectr/o
congenital absence
ectrogeny
ele/o
oil
eleoma
emmetr/o
the correct measure,
emmetropia
proportioned
enanti/o
opposite, opposed
enantiobiosis
equi-
equality, equal
equilibrium
erethism/o
irritation
erethismic
eti/o
cause
etiology
TERMS
DEFINITIONS
WORDS
eu-
good, normal, well
eubiotics
acid/o
acid, sour, bitter
acidity
-facient
to cause, make
liquefacient
acu-
needle
acupuncture
happen
acu/o, acut/o
sharp, severe
subacute
febr/i
fever
febriphobia
adip/o
fat
adiponecrosis
TIPS:
1.
Some terms have more than one definition. To
determine the correct definition in a particular
medical word, analyze the other terms in the word.
Example:
Poliomyelitis
polio
= gray (matter)
myel
= spinal cord, bone marrow
itis
= inflammation
Definition: Inflammation of the gray matter of the
spinal cord. The bone marrow does not have gray matter.
2.
Some terms may function as a root/combining
form in one word and a suffix in another word.
Classification depends upon the specific medical
word.
Examples:
Cytology
cyto
(combining form) = cell
logy
(suffix) = study of
Definition: Study of cells
Erythrocyte
erythro
(combining form) = red
cyte
(suffix) = cell
Definition: Red blood cell
fil/o, fil/i,
thread, threadlike
filamentous
aer/o
air, gas
aerophagy
filament/o
-form
agit/o
rapidity, restlessness
agitophasia
specified shape, form
multiform
-algia
pain
cephalalgia
frig/o, frigid/o
cold
frigorism
ambul/o
to walk
ambulatory
funct/o
performance
dysfunctional
anomal/o
irregular
anomaly
gel/o
to freeze, congeal
gelosis
anthrac/o
coal, carbon,
anthracosis
gemell/o
twins
gemellology
carbuncle
anthrop/o
man, human being
anthropometry
-gen, gen/o
producing, generating
pathogen
-genesis
production, formation
neogenesis
antr/o
antrum
antrotomy
aphth/o
ulcer
aphthosis
-genic
produced by, forming
carcinogenic
apic/o
apex
apicotomy
ger/o, geront/o
aged, old age
geriatrics
aque/o
water
aqueous
-grade
step
centigrade
atmo-
steam, vapor
atmometer
hapl/o
simple, single
haploid
axi/o
axis
abaxial
heredo-
heredity
heredoimmunity
bar/o
weight, pressure
barotrauma
-hexia
condition
cachexia
bary-
heavy, dull, hard
baryphonia
hist/o
tissue
histoclastic
-basia
walking
brachybasia
homeo-
likeness, constant,
homeodynamics
sameness
bathy-, batho-
deep, depth
bathycardia
bio-, bi/o
life, living
biogenesis
hydr/o
water, hydrogen
hydrolysis
blast/o, -blast
early embryonic
blastocyte
stage, immature
iatr/o
treatment, physician
iatrogenic
-ician
specialist
clinician
-calculia
to compute
dyscalculia
ion/o
ion
ionophoresis
1
ipsi-
same
ipsilateral
succ/o
juice
succorrhea
sub-
under, beneath
-ist
specialist
pharmacist
ymptom/o
occurrence
asymptomatic
super-
above, beyond
-itis
inflammation
hepatitis
synaps/o,
point of contact,
synaptogenesis
supra-
above, beyond
kary/o
nucleus
karyorrhexis
synapt/o
to join
tel/e
distant, end
kel/o
tumor, fibrous
keloid
system/o
system
systematic
trans-
across
growth
systol/o
contraction
presystole
ultra-
beyond, excess
kraur/o
dry
kraurosis
techn/o
skill, art
technology
kym/o
waves
kymography
tele/o
perfect, complete
teleomitosis
B. FIVE rrh’s
-rrhagia, -rrhage
-labile
unstable, perishable
frigolabile
temp/o,
period of time,
tempolabile
excessive flow, profuse
fluid discharge
later/o
side
bilateral
tempor/o
the temples
ligat/o
binding, tying
ligature
-therapy,
treatment
therapeutics
-rrhaphy
suture
lim/o
hunger
bulimia
therapeut/o
therm/o
heat
thermometer
tors/o
twisting, twisted
sinistrotorsion
trem/o, tremul/o
shaking, trembling
tremor
tri/o
-rrhea
flow, discharge
-logist
specialist
neurologist
-rrhexis
rupture
-logy
study of
cardiology
rrhythm/o
rhythm
-lucent
light-admitting
radiolucent
lumin/o
light
luminescence
to sort out, sorting
triage
C. NUMERICAL VALUES
half
demi-
hemi-
semi-
one
mono-
uni-
one and a half
sesqui-
two
bi-
di-
three
tri-
four
tetra-
quadri-
five
quinque-
pent-
penta-
six
hex-
hexa-
sex-
seven
hepta-
sept-
septi-
eight
octa-
octi-
nine
noni-
ten (10
1
)
deca-
hundred (10
2
)
hecto-
thousand (10
3
)
kilo-
million (10
6
)
mega-
billion (10
9
)
giga-
trillion (10
12
)
tera-
quadrillion (10
15
)
peta-
quintillion (10
18
)
exa-
one tenth (10
-1
)
deci-
one hundredth (10
-2
)
centi-
one thousandth (10
-3
)
milli-
one millionth (10
-6
)
micro-
one billionth (10
-9
)
nano-
one trillionth (10
-12
)
pico-
one quadrillionth (10
-15
)
femto-
one quintillionth (10
-18
)
atto-
ly/o
dissolve, loosen
lyoenzyme
-tumescence,
swelling
detumescence
-malacia
softening
osteomalacia
tumesc/o
-type, typ/o
-masesis
mastication, chewing
dysmasesis
class,
somatotype
medi/o
middle
medial
representative form
medic/o
heal, healing
medical
ventil/o
to aerate, oxygenate
ventilation
mer/o
part
meromicrosomia
ventr/o
belly,
ventrolateral
meso-
middle
mesoderm
front of the body
method/o
procedure, technique
methodology
vers/o, -verse
turn, turning
cardioversion
vir/o
virus
virologist
-mimesis
imitation, simulation
pathomimesis
morph/o
shape, form
dolichomorphic
viscer/o
internal organs
visceromegaly
vit/o
life
vital
mort/o
death
mortician
volv/o, volut/o
to roll
involution
nom/o
custom, law
nomotopic
nomen-
name
nomenclature
zyg/o
union, junction
zygogenesis
nos/o
disease
nosology
TERMINOLOGY SETS
nucle/o
nucleus
nucleoplasm
nutri/o, nutrit/o
nourish
nutrition
A. DIRECTIONAL TERMS
ab-
ole/o
oil
oleovitamin
away from
-oma
tumor, mass
histocytoma
ad-
toward, near
onc/o
tumor, mass
oncogenesis
ambi-
around, on both sides, about
organ/o
organ
organomegaly
amphi-
around, on both sides
palliat/o
soothe, relieve
palliative
ana-
up, backward, against
pant/o
all, whole
pantomorphia
ante-
before, forward
path/o
disease
pathogenic
anter/o
front
pharmac/o
drugs
pharmacology
anti-
against
phyl/o
race, species, type
phylogenesis
apo-
away, separation
physi/o
nature
physiologist
cata-
down, under
physic/o
physical, natural
physicochemical
circum-
around
phyt/o, -phyte
plant
phytotoxin
contra-
against, opposite
pin/o
to drink
pinocytosis
dextr/o
right
plan/o
flat, level, wandering
planocellular
dia-
through, throughout
plant/o
sole of the foot
plantalgia
dis-
apart, to separate
-plasm
formation, growth
neoplasm
dist/o
distant
plex/o
network (nerves
plexectomy
or vessels), plexus
ec-, ecto-
outside, out
en-, endo-
inside, within
-poiesis
formation
cytopoiesis
epi-
above, over, upon
posit/o
arrangement, place
reposition
eso-
within
prosop/o
face
prosopospasm
ex-
out, away from
prote/o
protein
proteolysis
exo-
outside, outward
psamm/o
sand,
psammomatous
extra-
outside
sand-like material
puls/o, pulsat/o
to beat, beating
fore-
before, in front
D. SURGICAL PROCEDURES
-centesis
pulsation
hyper-
above, excessive, beyond
surgical puncture of a cavity
-puncture
to pierce a surface
venipuncture
hypo-
under, deficient, below
-desis
surgical fixation, fusion
purul/o
pus formation
purulent
infra-
below, beneath
-ectomy
surgical removal
pyr/o
fire, fever, heat
pyrogen
inter-
between
-pexy
fixation
pyret/o
fever
pyretolysis
intra-
within
-plasty
surgical correction/repair
-receptor,
receiver
thermoreceptor
juxta-
near
-rrhaphy
suture
-ceptor
resuscit/o
later/o
side
revive
resuscitation
levo-
left
-sect
to cut
-stomy
surgical opening
reticul/o
netlike
reticular
medi/o
middle
-tomy
surgical incision
sanit/a
health
sanitarian
meso-
middle
-tripsy
to crush, break
scirrh/o
hard
scirrhoma
para-
alongside, near, beyond, abnormal
somat/o
body
somatotype
per-
through, throughout
-some
body
chromosome
peri-
around, surrounding
E. DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES
aspir/o, aspirat/o
spectr/o
image, spectrum
spectrogram
post-
after, behind
removal
-stabile
stable, fixed
thermostabile
poster/o
behind, towards the back
-assay
to examine, analyze
-stasis
standing still,
hemostasis
pre-
before, in front of
auscult/o, auscultat/o
to listen
standing
pro-
before
echo-
reverberating sound
-stat
device/instrument for
hemostat
keeping something
stationary
pros/o
forward, anterior
electr/o
electricity
proxim/o
near
-gram
written record
re-
back, again
-graph
instrument for recording
stere/o
solid,
stereoradiography
retro-
behind, backward
-graphy
process of recording
three dimensional
sinistr/o
left
-meter
instrument for measuring
2
-metry
process of measuring
cornea of
death
different
disease
GLOSSARY
-opsy
to view
the eye
mort/o
allo-
nos/o
A
a-, an-
without, not
ab-
away from
abdomin/o
abdomen
ablat/o
to remove, take away
abrad/o, abras/o
to scrape off
acanth/o
thorny, spiny
acar/o
mites
acid/o
acid, sour, bitter
acous/o
hearing
acoust/o
hearing, sound
acr/o
extremities
actin/o
ray, radiation
acu-
needle
acu/o, acut/o
sharp, severe
ad-
toward, near
aden/o
gland
adenoid/o
adenoids
adip/o
fat
adren/o
adrenal glands
aer/o
air, gas
agglutin/o
clumping
agit/o
rapidity, restlessness
-agogue
producer, leader
-agra
severe pain
alb/o, albin/o
white
albumin/o
albumin
-algesia, alges/o
pain sensitivity
-algia
pain
allo-
other, different
alveol/o
alveolus
ambi-
around, on both sides, about
ambly/o
dim, dull
ambul/o
to walk
ammon/o
ammonium
amni/o
amnion
amphi-
around, on both sides
amyl/o
starch
an/o
anus
ana-
up, backward, against
andr/o
male
aneurysm/o
aneurysm
angi/o
vessel
anis/o
unequal
ankyl/o
stiff, crooked, bent
anomal/o
irregular
ante-
before, forward
anter/o
front
anthrac/o
coal, carbon, carbuncle
anthrop/o
man, human being
anti-
against
antr/o
antrum
aort/o
aorta
-apheresis
separation, removal
aphth/o
ulcer
apic/o
apex
apo-
away, separation
aque/o
water
arachn/o
spider
arch/i, arch/e, -arche
first
arsenic/o
arsenic
arteri/o
artery
arteriol/o
arteriole
arthr/o
joint
articul/o
joint
aspir/o, aspirat/o
inhaling, removal
-assay
to examine, analyze
-asthenia, asthen/o
weakness
astr/o
star, star shaped
atel/o
incomplete, imperfect
ather/o
fatty substance, plaque
atmo-
steam, vapor
-atresia
closure, occlusion
atreto-
closed, lacking an opening
atri/o
atrium
atto-
one quintillionth (10
-18
)
audi/o, audit/o
hearing
aur/o, auricul/o
ear
auscult/o, auscultat/o
to listen
auto-
corne/o
necr/o
hetero-
path/o
palp/o, palpat/o
to touch gently
kerat/o
thanat/o
percuss/o
to tap
radi/o
x-ray, radiation
dry
ear
eardrum
eye
-scope
instrument for visual examination
kraur/o
aur/o
myring/o
ocul/o
xer/o
auricul/o
tympan/o
opthalm/o
-scopy
visual examination
ot/o
opt/o
-tome
instrument for cutting
eyelid
face
fat
feces
F. PATHOGENS
acar/o
mites
arachn/o
spider
bacteri/o
bacteria
-coccus
berry-shaped bacterium
fung/i
fungus, mushroom
helminth/o, -helminth
worm
hirud/i, hirudin/i
blephar/o
faci/o
adip/o
corp/o
palpebr/o
op/o
lip/o
scat/o
prosop/o
steat/o
sterc/o
pimel/o
fever
first
foot
hair
febr/i
arch/i
ped/o
pil/o
pyr/o
arch/e
pod/o
trich/o
pyret/o
-arche
primi-
prot/o
leech
ixod/i
ticks
myc/o
fungus
half
hearing
heart
heat
parasit/o
parasite
demi-
acous/o
cardi/o
calor/i
pedicul/o
louse
hemi-
acoust/o
coron/o
therm/o
semi-
audi/o
audit/o
-cusis
scolec/o
worm
verm/i
worm
vir/o
virus
huge
itching
kidney
lens of the eye
gigant/o
prurit/o
nephr/o
phac/o
G. COLORS
alb/o, albin/o
mega-
psor/o
ren/o
phak/o
white
meglo-
life
chlor/o
green
lip
ligament
little, small
cirrh/o
orange-yellow
bio-
cheil/o
desm/o
-ole
cyan/o
blue
bi/o
chil/o
ligament/o -ule
eosin/o
red, rosy, dawn
vit/o
labi/o
syndesm/o
erythr/o
red
viv/i
lung
flav/o
yellow
milk
mind
mouth
fusc/o
dark brown
pneum/o
galact/o
ment/o
or/o
glauc/o
gray, bluish green
pneumon/o lact/o
-noia
stomat/o
jaund/o
yellow
pulmon/o
phren/o
psych/o
leuk/o
white
lute/o
yellow
mucus
muscle
nail
night
melan/o
black
blenn/o
muscul/o
onych/o
noct/i
muc/o
my/o
ungu/o
nyct/o
poli/o
gray
myx/o
myos/o
purpur/i
purple
rhod/o
red, rosy
nose
nucleus
oil
ovary
rose/o
rosy
nas/o
kary/o
ele/o
oophor/o
rhin/o
nucle/o
ole/o
ovari/o
rubr/o, rubr/i
red
tephr/o
gray (ashen)
pain
palate
pregnancy pupil
xanth/o
yellow
-algia
palat/o
-cyesis
cor/o
dolor/o
uran/o
gravid/o
pupill/o
FIVE SENSES
-dynia
A. Hearing
acous/o
acoust/o
audi/o
audit/o
-cusis
B. Smell
olfact/o
-osmia
osm/o
-ophresia
osphresi/o
C. Touch
haph/e
pselaphes/o
tact/o
thigm/o
rectum
saliva
same
skin
proct/o
ptyal/o
homeo-
cutane/o
rect/o
sial/o
homo-
derm/o
ipsi-
dermat/o
tauto-
sound
specialist
stone
straight
D. Taste
-geusia
gustat/o
gust/o
E. Vision
-opia
-opsia
opt/o
son/o
-ician
lith/o
ithy-
phon/o
-ist
petr/o
orth/o
-logist
strength
sugar
sweat
swelling
dynam/o
gluc/o
hidr/o
-edema
SYNONYMS
-sthenia
glyc/o
sud/o
-tumescence
sthen/o
sacchar/o
tumesc/o
abdomen
air
all
bile
abdomin/o
aer/o
pan-
bil/i
tear
thick
time
tongue
celi/o
phys/o
pant/o
chol/e
dacry/o
pachy-
chron/o
gloss/o
lapar/o
pneum/o
pneumon/o
lacrim/o
pycn/o
temp/o
lingu/o
pykn/o
tempor/o
bladder
blood
body
breast
tooth
tumor/mass uterus
vagina
dent/i
onc/o
hyster/o
colp/o
cyst/o
hem/o
corpor/o
mamm/o
odont/o
-oma
metr/o
vagin/o
vesic/o
hemat/o
somat/o
mast/o
uter/o
sangu/i
-some
sanguin/o
vein
vertebral/spinal column vessel
phleb/o
rachi/o
angi/o
breathe
cecum
chest
childbirth
ven/o
spin/o
vas/o
self
-pnea
cec/o
pector/o
-para
spondyl/o
respir/o
typhl/o
steth/o
-parous
aux/o
growth, acceleration
respirat/o
thorac/o
-partum
vulva
water
axi/o
axis
spir/o
-tocia
toc/o
episi/o
aque/o
axill/o
armpit
vulv/o
hydr/o
azot/o
nitrogen, urea
3
B
bacteri/o
bacteria
balan/o
glans penis
balne/o
bath
bar/o
weight, pressure
bary-
heavy, dull, hard
bas/o, basi/o
base, foundation
-basia
walking
bathy-, batho-
deep, depth
bi-
two
bibli/o
books
bil/i
bile
bio-, bi/o
life, living
blast/o, -blast
early embryonic stage,
immature
blenn/o
mucus
blephar/o
eyelid
brachi/o
arm
brachy-
short
brady-
slow
brom/o
bromine containing
compound, odor
bronch/o
bronchus
bronchiol/o
bronchiole
bucc/o
cheek
-bulia, -boulia
will
burs/o
-coccus
berry-shaped bacterium
embol/o
embolus
gluc/o
glucose, sugar
glyc/o
glucose, sugar
gnath/o
jaw
gnos/o
knowledge
gon/o
genitals, semen
gonad/o
gonads
goni/o
angle
-grade
step
-gram
written record
granul/o
granules
-graph
instrument for recording
graph/o
writing
-graphy
process of recording
gravid/o
pregnancy
-gravida
pregnant woman
gustat/o, gust/o
taste
gynec/o
coccyg/o
coccyx
embry/o
embryo
cochle/o
cochlea
-emesis
vomiting
-coimesis
sleeping
-emia
blood condition
col/o
colon
emmetr/o
the correct measure,
proportioned
colp/o
vagina
com-, con-
with, together
-emphraxis
stoppage, obstruction
-coma
deep sleep
en-, endo-
inside, within
coni/o
dust
enanti/o
opposite, opposed
conjunctiv/o
conjunctiva
encephal/o
brain
consci/o
awareness, aware
enter/o
intestines (small
intestines)
constrict/o
narrowing, binding
contra-
against, opposite
eosin/o
red, rosy, dawn
contus/o
to bruise
epi-
above, over, upon
cor/o
pupil
epididym/o
epididymis
corne/o
cornea
epiglott/o
epiglottis
coron/o
heart
episi/o
vulva
woman, female
corpor/o
body
equi-
equality, equal
gyr/o
circle, spiral
cortic/o
cortex
erethism/o
irritation
cost/o
rib
erg/o
work
H
haph/e
cox/o
hip
erythem/o
flushed, redness
touch
crani/o
skull
erythr/o
red
hapl/o
simple, single
-crasia
mixture (good or bad),
temperament
eschar/o
scab
hect/o
hundred (10
2
)
eso-
within
helc/o
ulcer
cric/o
ring
esophag/o
esophagus
heli/o
sun
crin/o
secrete, separate
esthesi/o,
sensation, feeling
helminth/o,
worm
bursa
-crit
separate
-esthesia
eti/o
-helminth
hemi-
half
hem/o, hemat/o
blood
hepat/o
liver
heredo-
heredity
hetero-
different, other
hex-, hexa-
six
-hexia
condition
hepta-
seven
hidr/o
sweat
hirsut/o
hairy
hirud/i, hirudin/i
leech
hist/o
tissue
holo-
entire, complete
homeo-
likeness, constant,
sameness
homo-
same, similar
hormon/o
hormone
humer/o
humerus
hyal/o
resembling glass, glassy
hydr/o
water, hydrogen
hygr/o
moisture
hymen/o
hymen
hyper-
above, excessive, beyond
hypn/o
sleep
hypo-
under, deficient, below
hypothalam/o
hypothalamus
hypsi-
critic/o
crisis, dangerous
cause
cac/o
cry/o
cold
eu-
good, normal, well
bad, ill
crypt/o
hidden, concealed
eury-
wide, broad
crystall/o
crystal, transparent
ex-
out, away from
calcane/o
heel
quintillion (10
18
)
calci/o
calcium
cubit/o
elbow, forearm
exa-
-calculia,
to compute
culd/o
cul-de-sac
excit/o
to arouse
calcul/o
cali/o
calyx
calor/i
heat
campt/o
bent
-capnia, capn/o
carbon dioxide
capsul/o, caps/o
capsule, container
carb/o
cune/o
wedge, wedge-shaped
exo-
outside, outward
cupr/o
copper
extra-
outside
-cusis
hearing
cutane/o
skin
F
faci/o
cyan/o
blue
face
cycl/o
ciliary body, circular
-facient
to cause, make happen
carbon
-cyesis
pregnancy
fasci/o
fascia
carcin/o
cancer
cyst/o
bladder, cyst
febr/i
fever
cardi/o
heart
cyt/o, -cyte
cell
femor/o
femur
one quadrillionth (10
-15
)
cari/o
caries
femto-
D
dacry/o
carp/o
wrist
ferr/i, ferr/o
iron
cata-
down, under
tear
fet/o
fetus
-cataphasia
affirmation
dactyl/o
digit (finger or toe)
fibr/o
fiber, fibrous
ten (10
1
)
cathar/o,
cleansing, purging
deca-
fibul/o
fibula
one tenth (10
-1
)
cathart/o
-cathisia,
deci-
fil/o, fil/i,
thread, threadlike
sitting
demi-
half
filament/o
flav/o
yellow
flex/o, flect/o
bend
flu/o, flux/o
to flow
fluor/o
fluorine
follicul/o
small sac, follicle
fore-
before, in front
-form
specified shape, form
frig/o, frigid/o
cold
funct/o
-kathisia
caud/o
tail
caus/o, cauter/o
burn, burning
cavit/o, cav/o
hollow, cavity
cec/o
cecum
-cele
hernia, swelling
celi/o
abdomen
-centesis
surgical puncture
of a cavity
centi-
one hundredth ( 10
-
2
)
centr/o
center
cephal/o
head
cerebell/o
cerebellum
cerebr/o
cerebrum, brain
cervic/o
neck, cervix
-chalasia
relaxation
cheil/o, chil/o
lip
chem/o
chemical, chemistry
-chezia, -chesia
defecation
chir/o, cheir/o
hand
chlor/o
green
chol/e
gall, bile
choledoch/o
common bile duct
chondr/o
cartilage
chori/o
chorion
-chroia
skin coloration
chrom/o
color
chron/o
time, timing
chrys/o
gold
chyl/o
chyle
-cide
killing, agent which kills
cine-
movement
circum-
around
cirrh/o
orange-yellow
-clasis, -clasia
break
cleid/o
dem/o
people
dent/i
tooth
derm/o,
skin
dermat/o
desicc/o
to dry
-desis
surgical fixation, fusion
desm/o
ligament
deuter/o
second, secondary
dextr/o
right
di-
two
dia-
through, throughout
didym/o
a twin, testis
-didymus
conjoined twin
dilat/o
enlarge,expand
dipl/o
double
dips/o
thirst
dis-
apart, to separate
dist/o
distant
dolich/o
long
dolor/o
pain
dors/o
back
drom/o, -drome
running
duct/o
hyster/o
uterus
performance
I
iatr/o
treatment, physician
fung/i
fungus, mushroom
ichthy/o
fish
fusc/o
dark brown
-ician
specialist
galact/o
icter/o
jaundice
milk
ide/o
idea, mental images
idi/o
individual, distinct,
unknown
galvano-
direct electric current
gamet/o
gamete
ile/o
ileum
gam/o
marriage, sexual union
ili/o
ilium
gangli/o,
ganglion
immun/o
protection, immune
ganglion/o
gastr/o
stomach
ge/o
earth, soil
gel/o
to freeze, congeal
gemell/o
twins
-gen, gen/o
producing, generating
-genesis
production, formation
-genic
produced by, forming
geni/o
chin
genit/o
reproduction
ger/o, geront/o
aged, old age
gest/o, gestat/o
to bear
-geusia
infra-
below, beneath
inguin/o
groin
inter-
between
to lead
intra-
within
duoden/o
duodenum
iod/o
iodine
dynam/o
power, strength
ion/o
ion
-dynia
pain
ipsi-
same
dys-
bad, difficult, painful
ir/o, irid/o
iris
isch/o
suppress, restrain
E
ec-, ecto-
outside, out
echin/o
spiny, prickly
echo-
reverberating sound
eco-
environment
-ectasis, -ectasia
dilation, expansion
-ectomy
ischi/o
ischium
is/o
equal
taste
-ist
specialist
giga-
billion (10
9
)
ithy-
erect, straight
gigant/o
huge
-itis
inflammation
gingiv/o
gums
ixod/i
ticks
surgical removal
glauc/o
gray, bluish green
clavicle
ectr/o
congenital absence
gli/o
glue, neuroglia
J
jaund/o
clin/o
to slope, bend
-edema
swelling
-globin
protein
yellow
-clysis
irrigation, washing
ele/o
oil
glomerul/o
glomerulus
jejun/o
jejunum
coagul/o
coagulation, clotting
electr/o
electricity
gloss/o
tongue
juxta-
near
4
high
K
kal/i
potassium
melan/o
black
meli-, melit-
honey, sugar
men/o
menses, menstruation
mening/o
meninges, membranes
ment/o
mind
mer/o
part
meso-
middle
meta-
after, beyond, change
metall/o
metal
-meter
instrument for measuring
method/o
procedure, technique
metr/o
uterus
-metry
process of measuring
micro-
one millionth (10
-6
),
small
mi/o
less, smaller
milli-
one thousandth (10
-3
)
-mimesis
imitation, simulation
mis/o
hatred of, aversion
-mnesia
memory
mogi-
difficult
mono-
one
morph/o
shape, form
mort/o
death
-motor
movement, motion
muc/o
mucus
multi-
many, much
muscul/o
muscle
mutilat/o
to maim, disfigure
my/o, myos/o
muscle
myc/o
orch/o, orchi/o,
testis
orchid/o
-orexia
appetite
organ/o
organ
ornith/o
bird
orth/o
straight, normal, correct
osche/o
scrotum
oscill/o
to swing
-osis
condition, status,
abnormal increase
osm/o, -osmia
sense of smell, odor,
impulse
phot/o
light
phren/o
mind, diaphragm
phyc/o
seaweed, algae
phyl/o
race, species, type
-phylaxis
protection
phyll/o
leaf, leaf-like
-phyma
tumor, growth
physic/o
physical, natural
physi/o
nature
phys/o
air, gas
-physis
growth, growing
phyt/o, -phyte
plant
pico-
one trillionth (10
-
12
)
picr/o
bitter
piez/o, pies/i,
pressure
-piesis
pil/o
hair
pimel/o
fat, fatty
pin/o
to drink
pineal/o
pineal gland
pituitar/o
pituitary gland
plagi/o
slanting, oblique
plan/o
flat, level, wandering
plant/o
sole of the foot
-plasm
formation, growth
plasm/o
plasma, formative
substance
-plasty
surgical correction/repair
platy-
broad, flat
ple/o
more
-plegia
paralysis
plesi/o
nearness, similarity
pless/i
striking
pleur/o
pleura
plex/o
network (nerves or
vessels), plexus
plic/o, plicat/o
to fold, pleat
-ploid, -ploidy
number of chromosome
sets
pluri-
more, several
-pnea
breathe
pneum/o
lung, air
pneumon/o
lung, air
pod/o
foot
-poiesis
formation
poikil/o
variation, irregular
poli/o
gray (matter)
poly-
many, much
pon/o
fatigue, overwork, pain
-pore, por/o
opening, passageway
-porosis
porous, decrease in
density
-posia
drinking
posit/o
arrangement, place
post-
after, behind
poster/o
behind, towards the back
potenti/o
power, strength
-prandial
meal
-praxia
action, activity
pre-
before, in front of
presby-
aging, elderly
primi-
first
-privia
loss, deprivation
pro-
before
proct/o
rectum, anus
pros/o
forward, anterior
prosop/o
face
prostat/o
prostate gland
prote/o
protein
prot/o
first
proxim/o
near
prurit/o
itching
psamm/o
sand, sand-like material
pselaphes/o
touch
pseudo-
false
psor/o
itching
psych/o
mind
psychr/o
cold
-pterygium
abnormality of the
conjunctiva
pteryg/o
wing-shaped
-ptosis
prolapse, drooping
ptyal/o
saliva
-ptysis
spitting
pub/o
pubis
pulmon/o
lung
puls/o, pulsat/o
to beat, beating
kary/o
tumor, fibrous growth
ken/o
empty
kerat/o
horny tissue, cornea
keraun/o
lightning
keton/o
ketones
kilo-
thousand (10
3
)
kinesi/o,
movement
-kinesia, -kinetic
klept/o
theft, stealing
koil/o
hollow, concave,
depressed
osphresi/o,
sense of smell, odor
-osphresia
oste/o
kraur/o
dry
bone
kym/o
waves
ot/o
ear
kyph/o
humpback
ov/o,ov/i
egg, ovum
ovari/o
ovary
L
-labile
unstable, perishable
ox/o, -oxia
sharp, quick, sour
lacrim/o
tear, lacrimal duct
lact/o
milk
pachy-
thick
-pagus
conjoined twins
palat/o
palate
pale/o
old
palin-, pali-
recurrence, repetition
palliat/o
soothe, relieve
palp/o, palpat/o
to touch gently
palpebr/o
eyelid
palpit/o, palpitat/o
flutter, throbbing
pan-
all
pancreat/o
pancreas
pant/o
all, whole
papill/o
nipple-like, papilla
papul/o
papule, pimple
para-
alongside, near, beyond,
abnormal
-para, -parous
to bear, bring forth
parasit/o
parasite
parathyroid/o
parathyroid
-paresis
partial paralysis
-partum
childbirth, labor
patell/o
patella
path/o
disease
-pause
cessation
pector/o
chest
ped/o
foot, child
pedicul/o
louse
pel/o
mud
pelv/i
pelvis
-penia
deficiency
pent-, penta-
five
-pepsia
digestion
per-
through, throughout
percuss/o
to tap
peri-
around, surrounding
perine/o
perineum
peritone/o
peritoneum
per/o
deformed, maimed
perone/o
fibula
perspir/o
breathe through
pest/i
plague, pests
peta-
quadrillion (10
15
)
-petal
moving toward, seeking
petr/o
stone, petrous region
of temporal bone
-pexy
fixation
phac/o
lens
phag/o, -phagia
eating, ingestion
phak/o
lens
phalang/o
phalanges
phall/o
penis
phaner/o
visible, apparent
pharmac/o
drugs
phas/o, -phasia
speech
phe/o
dusky
phen/o
appearance
-pheresis
removal
-phil, -philia
affinity for, tendency
towards
phim/o
muzzle
phleb/o
vein
-phobia, phob/o
fear, aversion
phon/o, -phonia
voice, sound
-phore, phor/o
bearer, processor
-phoresis
lal/o, -lalia
speech, babble
lamin/o
lamina
lampr/o
clear
lapar/o
abdomen,
abdominal wall
laryng/o
larynx
later/o
side
laxat/o
to slacken, relax,
loosen
fungus
lecith/o
yolk, ovum
myel/o
bone marrow, spinal cord
-legia
reading
myring/o
eardrum
lei/o
smooth
myx/o
mucus
-lemma
confining membrane
lepid/o
flakes, scales
N
nano-
one billionth (10
-
9
)
narc/o
numbness, stupor
nas/o
nose
nat/o
birth
natr/o
sodium
necr/o
death
neo-
new
nephr/o
kidney
neur/o
nerve
neutr/o
neutral
nev/o
mole, birthmark
noci-
to cause harm, injury
or pain
noct/i
night
nod/o
knot
-noia
mind, will
nom/o
custom, law
nomen-
name
noni-
nine
norm/o
normal, usual
nos/o
disease
not/o
the back
nucle/o
nucleus
nulli-
none
nutri/o, nutrit/o
nourish
nyct/o
lepr/o
leprosy
-lepsy
seizure
lept/o
slender, thin, delicate
letharg/o
drowsiness
leuk/o
white
levo-
left
-lexia
speech, word
lien/o
spleen
ligament/o
ligament
ligat/o
binding, tying
lim/o
hunger
lingu/o
tongue
lip/o
fat
-lipsis
omit, fail
-listhesis
slipping
lith/o
stone, calculus
lob/o
lobe
logad/o
whites of the eyes
log/o, -log,
word, speech,
-logue
thought
-logist
specialist
-logy
study of
loph/o
ridge
lord/o
curvature, bending
lox/o
oblique, slanting
-lucent
light-admitting
night
luc/i
light
lucid/o
clear
obstetr/o
lumb/o
loin
midwife
lumin/o
light
octa-, octi-
eight
lute/o
yellow
ocul/o
eye
luxat/o
dislocate
odont/o
tooth
ly/o
dissolve, loosen
-oid
resembling
lymph/o
lymph
-ole
little, small
-lysis
dissolution, breakdown
ole/o
oil
olfact/o
smell
M
-malacia
softening
mamm/o
breast
-mania
madness, obsessive
preoccupation
-masesis
mastication, chewing
mast/o
breast
maxill/o
maxilla
medi/o
middle
mediastin/o
mediastinum
medic/o
heal, healing
medull/o
medulla, marrow
mega-
million (10
6
)
mega-, megalo-
large
-megaly
olig/o
scanty, few, little
om/o
shoulder
omphal/o
navel
onc/o
tumor, mass
onych/o
nail
o/o
egg, ovum
oophor/o
ovary
ophry/o
eyebrow
ophthalm/o
eye
-opia, -opsia
vision
opisth/o
backward, behind
op/o
juice, face
-opsy
to view
enlargement
opt/o
eye, vision
bearing, transmission
mel/o
limbs, limb
or/o
mouth
phosphat/o
phosphate
5
kel/o
nucleus
oxy-
oxygen
-oma
tumor, mass
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