International Dictionary of Artificial Intelligence - W. Raynor (Amacom, 1999) WW.pdf

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The International Dictionary of Artificial Intelligence
1
The International Dictionary of Artificial Intelligence
William J. Raynor, Jr.
Glenlake Publishing Company, Ltd.
Chicago • London • New Delhi
Amacom
American Management Association
New York • Atlanta • Boston • Chicago • Kansas City
San Francisco • Washington, D.C.
Brussels • Mexico City • Tokyo • Toronto
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This book is available at a special discount when ordered in bulk quantities.
For information, contact Special Sales Department,
AMACOM, a division of American Management Association, 1601 Broadway,
New York, NY 10019.
This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter
covered. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, accounting, or
other professional service. If legal advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent
professional person should be sought.
© 1999 The Glenlake Publishing Company, Ltd.
All rights reserved.
Printed in the Unites States of America
ISBN: 0-8144-0444-8
This publication may not be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in whole or in part, in any
form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written
permission of the publisher.
AMACOM
American Management Association
New York • Atlanta • Boston • Chicago • Kansas City •
San Francisco • Washington, D.C.
Brussels • Mexico City • Tokyo • Toronto
Printing number
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Page i
Table of Contents
About the Author
iii
Acknowledgements
v
List of Figures, Graphs, and Tables
vii
Definition of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Terms
1
Appendix: Internet Resources
315
Page iii
About the Author
William J. Raynor, Jr. earned a Ph.D. in Biostatistics from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in
1977. He is currently a Senior Research Fellow at Kimberly-Clark Corp.
Page v
Acknowledgements
To Cathy, Genie, and Jimmy, thanks for the time and support. To Mike and Barbara, your encouragement and
patience made it possible.
This book would not have been possible without the Internet. The author is indebted to the many WWW pages
and publications that are available there. The manuscript was developed using Ntemacs and the PSGML
esxttension, under the Docbook DTD and Norman Walsh's excellent style sheets. It was converted to
Microsoft Word format using JADE and a variety of custom PERL scripts. The figures were created using the
vcg program, Microsoft Powerpoint, SAS and the netpbm utilities.
Page vii
List of Figures, Graphs, and Tables
Figure A.1 — Example Activation Functions
3
Table A.1 — Adjacency Matrix
6
Figure A.2 — An Autoregressive Network
21
Figure B.1 — A Belief Chain
28
Figure B.2 — An Example Boxplot
38
Graph C.1 — An Example Chain Graph
44
Figure C.1 — Example Chi-Squared Distributions
47
Figure C.2 — A Classification Tree For Blood Pressure
52
Graph C.2 — Graph with (ABC) Clique
53
Figure C.3 — Simple Five-Node Network
55
Table C.1 — Conditional distribution
60
Figure D.1 — A Simple Decision Tree
77
Figure D.2 — Dependency Graph
82
Figure D.3 — A Directed Acyclic Graph
84
Figure D.4 — A Directed Graph
84
Figure E.1 — An Event Tree for Two Coin Flips
98
Figure F.1 — Simple Four Node and Factorization Model
104

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