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Ethics of Liberty by Murray N. Rothbard
THE ETHICS
OF LIBERTY
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THE ETHICS
OF LIBERTY
Murray N. Rothbard
with a new introduction
by Hans-Hermann Hoppe
NEW YORK UNIVERSITY PRESS
New York and London
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The Center for Libertarian Studies and the Ludwig von Mises Institute thank all of
their donors for making possible the republication of this classic of liberty, and in particular
the following Patrons: Athena Tech, John H. Bolstad, William T. Brown, Willard Fischer,
Douglas E. French, Frank W. Heernstra,Franklin Lee Johnson, Richard J. Kossmann, M.D.,
William W. Massey, Jr., Sam Medrano, Joseph Edward Paul Melville, Mason P. Pearsall,
Conrad Schneiker, Eward Schoppe, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. Thomas W. Singleton, Mary Lou
Stiebling, Loronzo H. Thomson, the L.H. Thomson Co., and Mr. and Mrs. Donald F.
Warmbier.
For editorial assistance, thanks to Mark Brandly, Williamson Evers, Tony Flood,
Jomie Gilrnan, Scott Kjar, Judy Thommesen, and Jeffrey Tucker.
NEW YORK UNIVERSITY PRESS
New York and London
01998 by New York University
All rights reserved
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-PublicationData
Rothbard, Murray Newton, 1926-1995
The ethics of liberty / Murray N. Rothbard.
p. cm.
Originally published: Atlantic Highlands, N.J. : Humanities Press,
1982. With new introd.
Includes bibliographical references (p.
) and index.
ISBN 0-8147-7506-3 (alk. paper)
1. Liberty. 2. Natural law. 3. Ethics. I. Title.
JC585.R69 1998
323.44'01--ddl
98-10058
CIP
New York University Press books are printed on acid-free paper,
and their binding materials are chosen for strength and durability.
Manufactured in the United States of America
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TO
THE MEMORY OF
FRANK CHODOROV
EA. "BALDY" HARPER
and myfather
DAVID ROTHBARD
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CONTENTS
LAW
1 . Natural Law and Reason ............................................................... 3
2 . Natural Law as "Science" ................................................................ 9
................................................
3 Natural Law versus Positive Law 17
4 . Natural Law and Natural Rights .................................................. 21
5 . The Task of Political Philosophy ................................................... 25
PART 11: A THEORY OF LIBERTY
6 . A Crusoe Social Philosophy ........................................................... 29
7 . Interpersonal Relations: Voluntary Exchange ............................ 35
8 . Interpersonal Relations: Ownership and Aggression ............... 45
9 . Property and Criminality ............................................................. 51
10 . The Problem of Land Theft .......................................................... 63
11 . Land Monopoly, Past and Present .............................................. 69
12 . Self-Defense ................................................................................. 77
13 . Punishment and Proportionality ................................................ 85
14 . Children and Rights .................................................................... 97
15 . "Human Rights" As Property Rights ....................................... 113
18 The Boycott 131
19 . Property Rights and the Theory of Contracts ......................... 133
20 . Lifeboat Situations ...................................................................... 149
21 . The "Rights" of Animals ............................................................ 155
.
PART
111: THESTATE VERSUS LIBERTY
...............................................................
22 . The Nature of the State
23 . The Inner Contradictions of the State 175
24 . The Moral Status of Relations to the State .............................. 183
......................................
161
25 . On Relations Between States
.....................................................
189
PART I: INTRODUCTION:NATURAL
.
16 . Knowledge, True and False ....................................................... 121
17 . Bribery ........................................................................................... 129
...................................................................................
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