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M IDDLE K INGDOM S CRIBES ’ H ANDBOOK

Middle Kingdom

Scribes’ Handbook

Third Edition

2001

Known in the Society for Creative Anachronism as

Ran ulfr Asparlundr , OL, KSCA

First Published in 1992

The Middle Kingdom

of the

Society for Creative Anachronism, Inc.

The knowledge contained herein is based on information common in several

books, the experience of the author, manufacturer’s pamphlets and careful

examination of first-hand objects as well as photographs of manuscript pages.

to the illustrators and is used with permission. The Sinister Scribe text is copyright

Sondra Venable and used with permission.

The Society For Creative Anachronism, Inc., and its members have permission

of the author to reproduce this work continuously and in context for non-profit

educational purposes only.

Randy Asplund

M IDDLE K INGDOM S CRIBES ’ H ANDBOOK

Introduction

his Third Edition of the Middle King-

dom Scribe’s Handbook is an expansion of

the pioneering first edition originally writ-

ten and edited by then Kingdom Signet

Kyrille Andreskevich. This edition is an

update of the Second Edition, which owed

much to the monumental undertaking of

the first version. In addition to the First

Edition, it has added information involving

the formalization of heraldic achievements,

more detailed instructions for scribes, the

addition of new award texts, and more

alternatives for award texts. The Second

version was designed to be used as a hand-

book with a three ring binder. It had been

divided into sections which may be re-

moved for easy reference. This Third Edi-

tion now provides for a hardcopy which can

be punched for three ring binder, but it is

also being presented as an online document

through the SCA Middle Kingdom website

as well as the website of the author, Randy

Asplund.

Across the Society, scribes have been

provided by their kingdom officers with

award text books. These usually include the

texts, some examples of heraldry, scroll lay-

outs, and conventions of production within

that kingdom. Some have only a minimum of

information on the actual process of creating

a scroll. Most Society scribes have had to

learn from friends and from what they were

able to piece together from numerous source

books. Source books are great, but they are

not written with the goal of training a scribe

to make a scroll that follows the techniques

used in creating a medieval page.

My goal with this handbook is to provide,

under one cover, a means for the beginning

scribe to access a reasonable amount of

information necessary to produce a scroll

that emulates medieval appearance and tech-

nique. Of course, there is no substitution for

hands-on instruction from someone already

skilled in the craft, but I hope this book will

cover enough material to give the beginner a

good head start. If you have any further

questions or would like to create scrolls for

Kingdom awards, please contact the King-

dom Signet, whose address and phone num-

ber are listed in The Pale.

M IDDLE K INGDOM S CRIBES ’ H ANDBOOK

Acknowledgments and Credits

Special thanks go to Master Kyrille Andreskevich, who compiled and edited the first edition,

entitled Middle Kingdom Text Standards, which was the direct predecessor of this handbook.

Much of the work in this current version reflects the many hours of toil given to the first.

Special thanks also to David Hoornstra (AKA Baron Daibhid MacLachlan) for his efforts in

editing, typesetting and page setup for the final version of the Second Edition, as well as help

with technical assistance on the Third.

My heartfelt thanks to Elizabeth Bodenmiller (AKA Lady Morliuet de Lan Deguennec for her

professional proof reading of the Third Edition. Thanks also to those gentles who helped in the

proofreading the Second Edition: Jeanne-Marie Quevedo (AKA Mistress Aureliane Rioghail)

Brian Scott (AKA Master Talan Gwynek), David Craig (AKA Lord David mac Dougal mac Rori),

and Roberta Asplund. Their polish has made this work truly shine.

Thanks also to Cecilia Hughes (AKA Mistress Graidhne ni Ruaidh), Averyll Brass (AKA

Mistress Fiona Averylle of Maidenhead), Sondra Venable (AKA Mistress Aleksandra de

Acciptre), Betsy Wintermute (AKA Mistress Elizabeth Karien of the Four Winds), John Vernier

(AKA Lord Guichart de Chadenac), and all of the many generous gentles in ours and other

kingdoms who provided reference and research materials for the betterment of this project, and

to the three Kingdom Signets who let me run with it. Thank you, also, Ellen Starr (AKA Mistress

Angeli du Bois), Lisa Parker (AKA Countess Kobayakawa Ariake), and Dawn Vukson-Van

Beek (AKA Lady Lucia Sforza di Firenze).

ART CREDITS: The Kingdom achievement, other achievement examples, and the heral-

dic display models of helms and shields were drawn by Jeanne-Marie Quevedo. The calli-

graphic exemplars, scroll layout samples and technique illustrations are by Randy Asplund.

Badges of the Awards and Orders were drawn by Jeanne-Marie Quevedo, William J.

Michalski, and Randy Asplund.

M IDDLE K INGDOM S CRIBES ’ H ANDBOOK

Table of Contents

Page Chapter

Content

Introduction

Acknowledgement of Credits

Chapter 1

Calligraphic Exemplars

8-20

The Exemplars

Chapter 2

Medieval Writing

Medieval Roman numerals and SCA dates

Chapter 3

Award Text Wordings

Chapter 4

Text Alternatives

Chapter 5

Scroll Heraldry

Kingdom Arms and full Achievement

Basic Achievement of Arms

Some Helms Used in Heraldic Art

Some Shields Used in Heraldic Art

Badges of Awards and Orders

Chapter6

What You Need to Know to Make a Middle Kingdom Scroll

Chapter 7

Layout and Design of Scrolls

Chapter 8

Contemporary Techniques For Making Scrolls

Choosing Tools and Materials

Correcting Mistakes of the Pen and Brush

Chapter 9

Advice on Calligraphy

The Sinister Scribe

How to Form Letters

Chapter 10 Advice on Painting

Pigment Safety & Toxicity

Methods

Chapter 11 The Gilding Process

Chapter 12 A Perspective on Period Methods

M IDDLE K INGDOM S CRIBES ’ H ANDBOOK

Chapter One

Calligraphic Exemplars

hese calligraphic exemplars will provide

you with a script of lower case, upper case,

and display letters which can be used in most

western European nations within our SCA

time frame. More exotic award texts, and

sometimes alternate language texts, may be

available from the Kingdom Signet office,

but it is assumed that scribes who have

taken the time to learn non-latin alphabets

or languages other than modern English will

already be able to provide their own calli-

graphic exemplars.

region for special instructions.

Each exemplar was originally penned

actual size with a l mm pen nib for the second

Edition, but in the Third Edition some scale

change has occured. There is a key denoting

letter height and line spacing.

For example, if you see “Gothic Textura

Quadrata 3-5 Pen widths. Rule 2x” it means

that in this Gothic hand the lower case letters

are between 3 and 5 pen widths in height and

the ruling lines should be spaced at twice that

distance. Remember that we usually leave a

little space between the bottom of the letters

and the lower ruling line. In an accurate period

proportion we might have the 5-pen-width-

high letters start with l pen width below them

and 4 above the height of the lower case letters.

To learn how to establish letter heights for your

pen nib, see Chapter Two, Medieval Writing .

You will notice that the scripts provided

include several strange letters and omit some

important modern ones. This is because these

letters were uncommon or nonexistent in the

languages which used these scripts. The

most notable is the letter W since it is so often

used in our scroll texts in the word “we."

Letters s , r , i , j , u and v also have special

characteristics. Both Anglo-Saxon and the

Scandinavian languages used special letters

for the th sounds. Information on how to

cope with these special cases can also be

found in Chapter Two.

How to use the exemplars

This listing is not intended to be an

accurate statement which identifies specific

hands used at any specific time and place. It

is only meant to be a loose and general guide

to aid the beginner in selecting a form that is

close to what might have been used in SCA

period, offering an approximate and gener-

alized time and place. Since in the hardcopy

version the exemplars can be punched for a

three ring binder, it is easy to remove the

ones you need and place them at your side

for reference while you work.

To determine what type of script to use for

your text you may look below to the listing by

demographic area. Each region will have a short

reference to exemplars appropriate for use at a

given time period within the scope of the SCA.

Begin by looking at the general section

on western Europe, then check the local

CHOOSING AN EXEMPLAR Options listed by Period and Geographical Area

ALL OF CHRISTIAN NORTH WESTERN AND NORTH CENTRAL EUROPE

600-10th c .: Artificial Uncial . When used, capitals are either large versions of the same or Roman

Square Capitals.

600-9th c. : Roman Half Uncial . Capitals are either large versions of the same, Roman Square

Capitals or Pre-Caroline Versals.

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