A_Dictionary_of_Prefixes,_Suffixes,_and_Combining_Forms.pdf

A Dictionary of

Prefixes, Suffixes, and

Combining Forms

from

Websters Third New

International Dictionary,

Unabridged

2002

Websters Third New International Dictionary

is now online

visit www.Merriam-WebsterUnabridged.com

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Abbreviations in This Work

The abbreviations in this list are regularized to one style without periods, although they may

appear with periods in context, depending on whether printed in roman type or italics.

abl

acc

act

adj

adv

Alb

alter

anat

aor

Arm

biol

bot

cgs

chem

comb. form

conj

contr

crystallog

Dan

dat

dial

dim

esp

fem

freq

fut

gen

geol

Gmc

Goth

Hitt

imit

indic

interj

IrGael

irreg

ISV

ital

LGk

lit

Lith

masc

ablative

accusative

active

adjective

adverb

Anglo-French

Albanian

alteration

anatomy

aorist

Armenian

Avestan

biology

botany

centimeter-gram-second

chemistry

combining form

conjunction

contraction

crystallography

Dutch

Danish

dative

dialect

diminutive

English

especially

French

feminine

from

frequentative

future

German

genitive

geology

Greek

Germanic

Gothic

Hittite

Indo-European

imitative

indicative

interjection

Irish Gaelic

irregular

International Scientific Vocabulary

Italian

italic

Latin

Late Greek

literally

Lithuanian

Late Latin

masculine

med

MGk

MHG

MIr

modif

neut

nom

n pl

obs

OFris

OHG

OIr

OPer

OProv

OPruss

orig

OScan

OSlav

part

perh

pers

prep

pres

prob

pron

Russ

sing

Skt

specif

superl

Toch A

Turk

usu

var

Middle Dutch

Middle English

medicine

Middle French

Middle Greek

Middle High German

Middle Irish

Medieval Latin

modification

noun

neuter

New Latin

nominative

noun plural

obsolete

Old English

Old French

Old Frisian

Old High German

Old Irish

Old Latin

Old Norse

Old Persian

Ool Provenal

Old Prussian

originally

Old Saxon

Old Scandinavian

Old Slavic

Old Welsh

participle

perhaps

person

Portuguese

plural

preposition

present

probably

pronoun

Russian

Scots

singular

Sanskrit

Spanish

specifically

superlative

Swedish

Tocharian A

Turkish

usually

variant

verb

Vulgar Latin

Welsh

Prefixes, Suffixes, and Combining Forms

from

Websters Third New International Dictionary

a- prefix ME, fr. OE a-, an, on 1: on : in : at a bed a foot

a sunder sometimes used in dialect speech in locutions

not found in standard he did it a -purpose 2: in such a

state or condition a fire a sleep often used with with

a crawl with ants 3: in such a manner a loud 4: in the

act of : in the process of daddys gone a -hunting months

later the ship was still a -building

a- or an- prefix L Gk L a-, an-, fr. Gk more at - : not

: without a chromatic a sexual used chiefly with words

of Gk or L origin a- before consonants other than h and

sometimes even before h, an- before vowels and usu. before h

a historical an esthesia an hydrous

-a- combining form ISV : replacing carbon esp. in a ring in

initial combining forms as second constituent after a first

constituent designating a chemical element ars a- az a-

-a n suffix - NL, prob. fr. originally nonsignificant -a in mag-

nesia, fr. ML -a in magnesia, alchemical substance, fr. Gk

-a, - in magnsia, magnsi, alchemical substance, magnet,

fr. nom. sing. fem. adjectival ending corresponding to nom.

sing. masc. -os and nom. sing. neut. -on : oxide ceri a lan-

than a thori a

ab- prefix ME, fr. OF L OF, fr. L, fr. ab from 1: from

: departing from ab normal 2: away : outside of ab en-

teric

ab- prefix absolute used for a cgs electromagnetic unit

ab ampere ab henry

abdomin- or abdomino- combining form L abdomin-,

abdomen : abdomen : abdominal abdomin algia

abdomino perineal abdomino cardiac

-ability also -ibility n suffix - ME -ablete, -abilite, -iblete,

-ibilite, fr. MF -ableté, -abilité, -ibleté, -ibilité, fr. L -abilitas,

-ibilitas, fr. -abilis, -ibilis + -tas -ty : capacity, fitness, or ten-

dency to act or be acted on in a specified way ensil ability

wash ability

abio- combining form a- + bio- : whatever is lifeless abio-

genesis

-able also -ible adj suffix ME, fr. OF, fr. L -abilis, -ibilis, fr. -a-,

-i- thematic vowels of various conjugations of verbs + -bilis

capable or worthy of being acted upon 1: capable of, fit

for, or worthy of being so acted upon or toward chiefly

in adjectives derived from verbs break able connect ible

eat able lov able 2: tending to, given to, favoring, causing,

able to, or liable to agree able change able knowledge-

able peace able perish able -ableness n suffix -

-ably also -ibly adv suffix

-ac n suffix - Gk -akos of or relating to, var. of -ikos -ic after

noun stems ending in i : one affected with hemophili ac

nostalgi ac

acanth- or acantho- combining form NL, fr. Gk akanth-, akan-

tho-, fr. akantha akin to ON gn awn : thorn : spine acan-

tho carpous Acanth ophis

-acanthus n combining form NL, fr. Gk akantha thorn : ani-

mal having such a spine or such or so many spines

Cephal acanthus Cten acanthus in generic names esp. of

fishes

acar- or acari- or acaro- combining form NL, fr. Acarus : mite

acar oid acari cide

ace- combining form ISV, fr. acetic : acetic ace naphthene

specif : related to acenaphthene ace anthrene

-ace n combining form - LGk ak point : apex having so

many faces hept ace tessar ace

-acea n pl suffix NL, fr. L, neut. pl. of -aceus -aceous : animals

characterized by : animals of the nature of Cet acea

Crust acea in names of zoological divisions larger than a

genus, esp. orders and classes

-aceae n pl suffix NL, fr. L, fem. pl. of -aceus -aceous : plants

of the nature of Acanth aceae Ros aceae in names of

families of plants formerly in names of orders of plants

-acean adj suffix NL -acea, -aceae + E -an :

ros acean

-acean n suffix - : organism characterized by : organism of

the nature of crust acean ros acean in singular corre-

sponding to plurals in -acea, -aceae

acenaphth- or acenaphtho- combining form ISV, fr. acenaph-

thene : acenaphthene : acenaphthylene acenaphtho phen-

anthrene

-acene n suffix - ISV, fr. anthracene : aromatic polycyclic

hydrocarbon containing three or more fused benzene rings in

straight linear sequence naphth acene

-aceous adj suffix L -aceus : characterized by aren aceous

argill aceous : of the nature of herb aceous : belonging to

or connected with a division of animals characterized by or of

the nature of cet aceous crust aceous : belonging to or

connected with a family of plants of the nature of solan a-

ceous often in adjectives corresponding to biological clas-

sification names in -acea, -aceae

acet- or aceto- combining form F L F acét-, fr. L acet-, fr.

acetum vinegar : acetic acid : acetic : acetyl acet aldehyde

acet amide aceto benzoic

achro- or achro- combining form Gk achroos, fr. a- a- +

-chroos colored more at - : colorless achro dex-

trin achro cyst

achromat- or achromato- combining form Gk achrmatos col-

orless, fr. a- a- + -chrmatos colored, fr. chrmat-, chrma

color : achromatic achromat uria : something achromatic

achromato lysis

acou- or acouo- combining form F acou-, fr. Gk akouein to

hear : hearing : listening acou meter acouo phonia

-acousia or -acusia n combining form, pl -acousiae or -acusiae

NL, fr. Gk akousis fr. akouein to hear + -sis + NL -ia : hear-

ing presby acousia hyper acusia

acr- or acro- also akr- or akro- combining form MF or Gk MF

acro-, fr. Gk akr-, akro-, fr. akros topmost, extreme akin to

Gk akm point 1: beginning : end : tip acro logy 2 a : top

: peak : summit acro petal acro cephaly b: height acro-

phobia c: extremity of the body, esp. the human body

acro cyanosis

acromio- combining form NL, fr. acromion : acromial and

acromio deltoid acromio sternal

-act adj combining form Gk aktis ray more at -

: having such or so many rays poly act tetr act in

terms applied to sponge spicules

-act n combining form - : one having such or so many rays

hex act tri act in names of sponge spicules

actin- or actini- or actino- combining form NL actin- ray, fr.

Gk aktin-, aktino-, fr. aktin-, aktis akin to OE hte morning

twilight, OHG hta, ON tta, Goth htwo, Skt aktu light,

night, L noct-, nox night 1 a : having a radiated structure

Actino poda Actino myces b: actinian actini form

Actino zoa 2 a : actinic actin autography b: of, relating

to, or caused by actinic radiation as X rays actino therapy

-actinal adj combining form Gk aktin-, aktis ray + E -al

: -

-actine adj combining form Gk aktin-, aktis : having such or

so many rays disco actine pent actine esp. in terms

applied to sponge spicules

actinio- combining form Actinia : actinian actinio chrome

actinio hematin

acu- combining form ML, fr. L acu, abl. of acus needle akin

to L acies edge : with a needle acu puncture

acuti-

-alia

acuti- combining form ML, fr. L acutus : sharp-pointed acu-

ti foliate : sharply angled acuti plantar

acuto- combining form acute : acute and acuto- grave

: acutely acuto- nodose

ad- or ac- or af- or ag- or al- or ap- or as- or at- prefix ad- fr.

ME, fr. L, fr. ad ac- fr. ME, fr. OF, fr. L, fr. ad af- fr. ME,

fr. OF, fr. L, fr. ad ag- fr. ME, fr. MF, fr. L, fr. ad al- fr. ME,

fr. MF, fr. L, fr. ad ap- fr. ME, fr. MF, fr. L, fr. ad as- fr.

ME, fr. OF, fr. L, fr. ad at- fr. ME, fr. OF, fr. L, fr. ad 1: to

: toward usu. ac- before c, k, or q ac culturation and af-

before f af formative and ag- before g ag gradation and al-

before l al lineation and ap- before p ap personation and

as- before s as self and at- before t at tune and ad- before

other sounds ad nominal ad verbial but sometimes ad-

even before one of the listed consonants ad pronominal 2

: near : adjacent to in this sense always in the form ad-

ad oral ad renal

-ad n suffix - MF L MF -ade, fr. L -ad-, -as, fr. Gk -ad-,

-as, fem. suffix denoting descent from or connection with 1

a: period of time quinquenni ad b: group, aggregate, or

unit of so many parts quint ad c: element, atom, or rad-

ical having such or so great a chemical valence arti ad

periss ad dy ad 2: epic of : poem celebrating

Columbi ad 3 prob. fr. NL -ad-, -as used as final element

in botanical genus names, fr. Gk : member of such a

botanical group magnoli ad moring ad 4: kind of plant or

animal produced by or associated with ec ad vari ad

-adic adj suffix

-ad adv suffix L ad biol : in the direction of : toward : -

cephal ad ventr ad

-ade n suffix - ME, fr. MF, fr. OProv -ada, fr. LL -ata, fr. L,

fem. of -atus -ate 1: act : action block ade 2 a : product

jamros ade b: sweet drink orange ade

adel- or adelo- combining form NL, fr. Gk adl, adlo- unseen,

fr. adlos, fr. a- a- + dlos visible, evident akin to OE t tan

to gladden, OHG zeiz dear, ON teitr glad, Skt ddeti he shines,

L dies day : concealed : not apparent Adel aster adelo pod

adelpho- combining form Gk, fr. adelphos : brother

adelpho gamy

-adelphous adj combining form prob. fr. NL -adelphus, fr. Gk

adelphos brother, fr. a- fr. assumed ha-, akin to heis, mia, hen

one, homos same + -delphos akin to delphys womb : having

such or so many stamen fascicles is adelphous mon adelp-

hous

aden- or adeno- combining form NL, fr. Gk adeno-, fr. aden-,

adn akin to ON kkr lump, L inguen groin, Gk nephros kid-

ney 1: gland : glandular aden itis adeno carcinoma 2

: glandular and adeno neural

adip- or adipo- combining form L adip-, adeps, fr. Gk aleipha

akin to Gk lipos fat, lard 1: fat : fatty tissue adip ic

adipo cele 2: connected with adipic acid adip amide

adipo nitrile

adren- or adreno- combining form adrenal 1: adrenal glands

adreno cortical adreno medullary adreno tropic : adrenal

and adreno genital 2: adrenaline adren ergic

aer- or aero- combining form ME aero-, fr. MF, fr. L, fr. Gk

aer-, aero-, fr. aer-, ar 1 a : air : atmosphere : aerial aer-

ate aer enchyma aero bic b: aerial and aero hydrous 2

: gas aero metry aero sol 3: aviation aero drome aero-

technical

aeri- combining form LL aeri-, fr. L aer : air aeri form aer-

i fy

aeto- combining form NL, fr. Gk aetos akin to L avis bird

: eagle aeto morph Aeto saurus esp. in names of taxo-

nomic groups in zoology

-aetus n combining form NL, fr. Gk aetos more at -

: eagle in generic names of birds Circ aetus

afr- or afro- combining form, usu cap L Afr-, Afer African

: African Afr american : African and Afro- Asiatic

agam- or agamo- combining form NL, fr. LL agamus unmar-

ried, fr. Gk agamos, fr. a- a- + gamos marriage : asexual

agam ic agamo genesis

agath- or agatho- combining form Gk, fr. agathos perh. akin

to OE gd good : good Agath osma agatho logy

-age n suffix - ME, fr. OF, fr. L -aticum 1: aggregate : collec-

tion cellar age surplus age track age word age 2 a

: action : process cover age haul age stopp age b: cumu-

lative result of break age shrink age c: rate of dos age

leak age out age slipp age 3: house or place of orphan-

age parson age 4: state : rank bond age peon age 5

: charge for an act or service post age tow age wharf age

-agogue also -agog n combining form - F NL F -agogue, fr.

LL -agogus promoting the expulsion of, fr. Gk -aggos, fr.

aggos leading, drawing forth, fr. agein to lead NL -agogon,

neut. of -agogos promoting the expulsion of, fr. Gk -aggos

: substance that promotes the secretion or expulsion of

chol agogue lymph agogue

-agra n combining form, pl -agrae also -agras ME, fr. L, fr. Gk,

fr. agra hunting, catch akin to W aer war, L agere to drive

: seizure of pain cardi agra mel agra

agrio- combining form GK NL NL, fr. Gk, fr. agrios, fr.

agros field : wild agrio logy

agro- combining form F, fr. Gk, fr. agros field 1: of or

belonging to fields or soil : agricultural agro nomy agro s-

terol 2: agricultural and agro industrial

-aholic or -oholic n combining form - alcoholic 1: one who

feels compulsively the need to do something shop aholic

win aholic 2: one who likes something to excess golf a-

holic

ailur- or ailuro- or aelur- or aeluro- combining form NL, fr. Gk

ailouro-, fr. ailouros : cat ailur odon ailuro phobia

-al adj suffix ME -al, -el, fr. OF L OF -al, -el, fr. L -alis

: of, relating to, or characterized by direction al fiction al

hormon al organization al spectr al tid al

-al n suffix - ME -aille, fr. OF, fr. L -alia, neut. pl. of -alis

: action or process bestow al rehears al withdraw al

-al n suffix - F, fr. alcool alcohol, fr. ML alcohol 1 a : alde-

hyde butan al salicyl al b: acetal butyr al 2: pharma-

ceutical product barbit al

alb- or albo- combining form L, fr. albus : white alb ite

albo cinereous

albumin- or albumini- or albumino- combining form prob. fr.

F, fr. L albumin-, albumen : albumen : albumin albu-

min oid albumini ferous albumino lysis

alco- or alcoo- combining form alcohol : alcohol alco gel

alco sol alcoo meter

ald- or aldo- combining form prob. fr. F ald-, fr. aldéhyde, fr.

G aldehyd 1: containing the aldehyde group in names of

classes of compounds aldo hexose 2: related to an aldehyde

ald imine

aldon- or aldono- combining form ISV, fr. aldonic in aldonic

acid : related to or derived from an aldonic acid aldon-

amide aldono lactone

-ales n pl suffix NL, fr. L, pl. of -alis -al : plants belonging to

or related to Chytridi ales Ros ales in the names of

orders of plants in some classifications in the names of other

superfamilial groups of plants as alliances or cohorts

aleuro- combining form F, fr. Gk, fr. aleuron wheat flour,

flour akin to Arm alam I grind : flour aleuro meter

alg- or algo- combining form NL, fr. Gk alg-, fr. algos : pain

alg esthesis alg anesthesia algo phobia

-algia n combining form - Gk -algia, fr. algos : pain : painful

condition cephal algia pod algia -algic adj combining

form

-algy n combining form - Gk -algia : -

ali- combining form L, fr. ala 1: wing ali form ali trunk 2

: relating to the side parts of a specified organ or structure

ali ethmoid ali nasal

-alia n combining form NL, fr. Gk halia assembly Gk hal-,

hals sea Gk halia akin to Gk eilein to compress, OSlav velik ŭ

great, and perh. to L vulgus common people Gk hals sea, akin

to Gk hals salt : realm of marine animal life in names of

biogeographic realms Arct alia Bass alia -alian adj

combining form

alk-

-ander

alk- combining form alkyl : alkyl alk acrylic alk iodide

alka- combining form alkane : alkane alka diyne alka poly-

ene

all- or allo- combining form Gk, fr. allos other, different 1

: other : different : dissimilar : extraneous all ergy allo pa-

thy allo sematic 2 allo- : isomeric form, close relative, or

variety of a specified chemical compound allo -ocimene

allo telluric acid: as a: the more stable form of two geo-

metrical isomers allo cinnamic acid b: - 3 esp. in

names of stereoisomeric compounds containing two fused sat-

urated rings allo cholanic acid allo pregnane 3 usu allo-

: having dissimilar genomes allo heteroploid allo ploid

allo triploid opposed to aut-

allant- or allanto- combining form NL, fr. Gk, sausage, fr.

allant-, allas, prob. of Italic origin akin to L alium garlic 1

: allantoic : allantoid allanto chorion allanto in 2: sausage

allant iasis

allelo- combining form Gk alllo- each other, fr. allln of each

other, fr. allos . . . allos one . . . the other, fr. allos other 1

: alternative allelo morph 2: of or for each other : recipro-

cal : reciprocally allelo catalytic allelo tropism

allo- combining form GK allos . . . allos one . . . the other, fr.

allos other : being one of a group whose members together

constitute a structural unit esp. of a language allo phone

allo morph compare -

allox- combining form ISV, fr. alloxan : alloxan

-ally adv suffix -al + -ly : - semantic ally in adverbs

formed from adjectives ending in -ic with no alternative form

ending in -ical

alterni- combining form NL, fr. L alternus alternate : alternate

: alternately alterni foliate alterni petalous alterni pinnate

alti- combining form ME, fr. L, fr. altus 1: high alti sonant

2: altitude alti graph alti meter

alumin- or alumino- combining form MF alumin-, fr. L, fr. alu-

min-, alumen 1: alum alumin iform 2: aluminum alu-

mino graphy

alveol- or alveolo- combining form L, fr. alveolus 1: alveolus

alveol ectomy 2: alveolar and alveolo labial

-am n combining form - prob. fr. G, prob. fr. NL ammonia

: chemical compound related to ammonia lact am phos-

ph am

ambi- prefix L ambi-, amb- both, on both sides, around akin

to L ambo both, Gk amph both, amphi around : both

ambi lateral ambi parous

ambly- or amblyo- combining form LL ambly-, fr. Gk, fr.

amblys akin to L mollis soft, molere to grind 1: blunt

: obtuse Ambly cephalus 2: dulled : dimmed ambly acou-

sia 3: connected with amblyopia amblyo scope

amer- or amero- combining form, cap American : American

Amero phile : American and Amer asian

americo- combining form, cap America 1: relating to America

or Americans Americo mania 2: American and Americo -

Liberian

amid- or amido- combining form ISV, fr. amide 1: containing

the group NH characteristic of amides united to a radical

of acid character amido sulfuric distinguished from

amin- 2: - amido phenol 3: containing the radical

CONH characteristic of polyamides, peptides, and proteins

amin- or amino- combining form ISV, fr. amine now usu

amino- : containing the group NH characteristic of primary

amines united to a radical other than an acid radical

amino acetanilide amino guanidine distinguished from

amid-

amm- or ammo- combining form ammo-, fr. Gk, fr. ammos

sand : sand ammo philous

ammino- combining form prob. fr. G, fr. ammin ammine

: ammine ammino chloride

ammoni- or ammonio- combining form ISV, fr. ammonium

: containing ammonia or ammonium ammonio cupric sul-

fate

ammono- combining form ISV, fr. ammonia 1: ammonia

ammono lysis 2: derived from ammonia in names of

chemical compounds ammono carbonic acid HN CNH

compare - 2

amnio- combining form NL, fr. amnion, fr. Gk 1: amnion

amnio tome 2: amniotic and amnio allantoic

amorph- or amorpho- combining form Gk, amorph-, fr. amor-

phos : amorphous amorph ism amorpho phyte

ampel- or ampelo- combining form NL ampel-, fr. Gk ampel-,

ampelo-, fr. ampelos : grapevine ampel opsis ampelo gra-

phy

amphi- or amph- prefix L amphi- around, on both sides, fr. Gk

amphi-, amph-, fr. amphi more at - 1: around

amphis permous 2: on both sides : of both kinds : both

amphi carpic amphi vorous

ampho- combining form NL, fr. Gk amph more at -

: both ampho philic

amygdal- or amygdalo- combining form L amygdal-, fr. amyg-

dala 1: almond : almond family amygdal ase amygdal if-

erous 2 NL, fr. amygdala a: tonsil amygdalo tomy b

: tonsillar and amygdalo- uvular

amyl- or amylo- combining form LL amyl-, fr. L amylum, fr.

Gk amylon, fr. neut. of amylos not ground at the mill, fr. a-

a- + mylos, myl mill : starch amyl ase amyl emia amy-

lo meter

-an or -ian also -ean n suffix - -an -ian fr. ME -an, -ian,

-ien, fr. OF L OF -ien, fr. L -ianus, fr. -i- + -anus, fr. -anus,

adj. suffix -ean fr. such words as Mediterranean, European 1

: one that is of or belonging to Americ an Boston ian 2

: one skilled in or specializing in esp. in derivatives from

nouns ending in -ic or -ics, in the latter case with loss of -s

dialectic ian phonetic ian statistic ian 3: one belonging

to a specified zoological group crustace an mammali an

crocodili an

-an or -ian also -ean adj suffix -an -ian fr. ME -an, -ian, -ien,

fr. OF L OF -ien, fr. L -ianus, fr. -i- + -anus -ean fr. such

words as Mediterranean, European 1: of or belonging to

Americ an Florid ian Wesley an 2: characteristic of

: resembling Mozart ean Shav ian 3: of or belonging to a

specified geologic period, epoch, or series Cambri an

-an n suffix - ISV -an, -ane, alter. of -ene, -ine, -one 1

: unsaturated carbon compound tol an C H C CC H ure-

th an esp. in names of heterocyclic compounds fur an

allox an compare - 2 a : anhydride representing a poly-

mer of a carbohydrate usu. replacing final -ose of the car-

bohydrate name xyl an dextr an , less often replacing final

-e pentos an b: intramolecular anhydride of a carbohy-

drate replacing final -e of the carbohydrate name -glu-

cos an

ana- or an- prefix ML, fr. L ana- LL an-, fr. Gk ana-, an-,

fr. ana up, on 1: up : upward an ode Ana cardium 2

: back : backward ana nym 3: again : anew ana genesis

-ana or -iana n pl suffix NL, collected quotations from, fr. L,

neut. pl. of -anus -an -ianus -ian : collected items of infor-

mation esp. anecdotal or bibliographical concerning

Americ ana Johnson iana Burns iana colleg iana

chiefly in derivatives from personal names and place names

anarch- or anarcho- combining form ML anarch-, fr. Gk, fr.

anarchos 1: without government anarch ical 2 a : anar-

chism and anarcho pacifism b: anarchist and anarcho in-

dividualist

anatomico- or anatomo- combining form anatomic : anatomi-

cal and : anatomical anatomico pathological anatomo clini-

cal

-ance n suffix - ME, fr. OF, fr. L -antia, fr. -ant-, -ans -ant +

-ia -y 1: action or process attend ance deliver ance fur-

ther ance : instance of an action or process appear ance

perform ance 2: quality or state resembl ance temper-

ance : instance of a quality or state protuber ance 3

: amount or degree conduct ance transmitt ance

-ancy n suffix - L -antia more at - 1: quality or

state buoy ancy pli ancy 2: instance of a quality or state

expect ancy

-ander n combining form - NL -andrus, fr. Gk -andros having

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