MySQL1.pdf

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Łączenie z serwerem DNS
Łączenie z serwerem DNS
Obsługa bazy danych MySQL wymaga połączenia się z serwerem. Program mysql instalowany razem z
serwerem MySQL działa w wierszu poleceń w trybie tekstowym. Program ten łączy się z serwerem i
umożliwia zadawanie pytań bezpośrednio z linii poleceń MySQLa. Wprowadzane zapytania SQLa są
automatycznie przetwarzane, a ich rezultaty widoczne na ekranie. Zapytania kończy średnik.
Wiersz poleceń w systemach typu Unix dostępny jest po uruchomieniu systemu.
Nawiązanie połączenia z serwerem:
mysql -u student -p hasło
mysql -u student –p
mysql -u student
Przykład 1.
>mysql -u student -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 10
Server version: 5.0.51a Source distribution
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.
mysql>_
Kończenie połączenia
Pracę z klientem mysql i przerwanie połączenia z serwerem:
quit
Tworzenie i usuwanie baz danych
Tworzenie bazy danych o nazwie test :
mysql> CREATE DATABASE test;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
W odpowiedzi otrzymujemy informację w jakim czasie polecenie tworzenia bazy zostało wykonane.
Usunięcie bazy danych o nazwie test :
mysql> DROP DATABASE test;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Wybór bazy danych
Jeżeli utworzymy wiele baz danych, serwer musi wiedzieć z którą bazą danych chcemy pracować.
Wybór bazy danych test :
mysql> USE test;
Database changed
Wybór bazy danych, której uprzednio nie utworzono:
mysql> USE student;
ERROR 1049 (42000): Unknown database 'student'
Wybór bazy danych do której nie mamy uprawnień zakończy się komunikatem błędu.
149588263.001.png
mysql> USE student
ERROR 1044 (42000): Access denied for user ''@'localhost' to database
'student'
Wybór bazy danych podczas uruchamiania klienta mysql:
>mysql test -u student -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 13
Server version: 5.0.51a Source distribution
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.
mysql>_
Systemy kodowania znaków
Serwer MySQL pozwala na wybór standardu kodowania znaków na poziomie serwera, danej bazy, tabeli i
kolumny. Określenie reguł kodowania polega wyborze odpowiedniego zestawu znaków i reguł ich
porównywania.
Wyświetlenie obsługiwanych przez MySQL standardów kodowania:
mysql> SHOW CHARACTER SET;
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| Charset | Description | Default collation | Maxlen |
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| big5 | Big5 Traditional Chinese | big5_chinese_ci | 2 |
| dec8 | DEC West European | dec8_swedish_ci | 1 |
| cp850 | DOS West European | cp850_general_ci | 1 |
| hp8 | HP West European | hp8_english_ci | 1 |
| koi8r | KOI8-R Relcom Russian | koi8r_general_ci | 1 |
| latin1 | cp1252 West European | latin1_swedish_ci | 1 |
| latin2 | ISO 8859-2 Central European | latin2_general_ci | 1 |
| swe7 | 7bit Swedish | swe7_swedish_ci | 1 |
| ascii | US ASCII | ascii_general_ci | 1 |
| ujis | EUC-JP Japanese | ujis_japanese_ci | 3 |
| sjis | Shift-JIS Japanese | sjis_japanese_ci | 2 |
| hebrew | ISO 8859-8 Hebrew | hebrew_general_ci | 1 |
| tis620 | TIS620 Thai | tis620_thai_ci | 1 |
| euckr | EUC-KR Korean | euckr_korean_ci | 2 |
| koi8u | KOI8-U Ukrainian | koi8u_general_ci | 1 |
| gb2312 | GB2312 Simplified Chinese | gb2312_chinese_ci | 2 |
| greek | ISO 8859-7 Greek | greek_general_ci | 1 |
| cp1250 | Windows Central European | cp1250_general_ci | 1 |
| gbk | GBK Simplified Chinese | gbk_chinese_ci | 2 |
| latin5 | ISO 8859-9 Turkish | latin5_turkish_ci | 1 |
| armscii8 | ARMSCII-8 Armenian | armscii8_general_ci | 1 |
| utf8 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8_general_ci | 3 |
| ucs2 | UCS-2 Unicode | ucs2_general_ci | 2 |
| cp866 | DOS Russian | cp866_general_ci | 1 |
| keybcs2 | DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak | keybcs2_general_ci | 1 |
| macce | Mac Central European | macce_general_ci | 1 |
| macroman | Mac West European | macroman_general_ci | 1 |
| cp852 | DOS Central European | cp852_general_ci | 1 |
| latin7 | ISO 8859-13 Baltic | latin7_general_ci | 1 |
| cp1251 | Windows Cyrillic | cp1251_general_ci | 1 |
| cp1256 | Windows Arabic | cp1256_general_ci | 1 |
| cp1257 | Windows Baltic | cp1257_general_ci | 1 |
| binary | Binary pseudo charset | binary | 1 |
| geostd8 | GEOSTD8 Georgian | geostd8_general_ci | 1 |
| cp932 | SJIS for Windows Japanese | cp932_japanese_ci | 2 |
| eucjpms | UJIS for Windows Japanese | eucjpms_japanese_ci | 3 |
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
36 rows in set (0.05 sec)
Wyświetlenie dostępnych reguł porównywania znaków:
mysql> SHOW COLLATION;
+----------------------+----------+-----+---------+----------+---------+
| Collation | Charset | Id | Default | Compiled | Sortlen |
+----------------------+----------+-----+---------+----------+---------+
| big5_chinese_ci | big5 | 1 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| big5_bin | big5 | 84 | | Yes | 1 |
| dec8_swedish_ci | dec8 | 3 | Yes | | 0 |
| dec8_bin | dec8 | 69 | | | 0 |
| cp850_general_ci | cp850 | 4 | Yes | | 0 |
| cp850_bin | cp850 | 80 | | | 0 |
| hp8_english_ci | hp8 | 6 | Yes | | 0 |
| hp8_bin | hp8 | 72 | | | 0 |
| koi8r_general_ci | koi8r | 7 | Yes | | 0 |
| koi8r_bin | koi8r | 74 | | | 0 |
| latin1_german1_ci | latin1 | 5 | | Yes | 1 |
| latin1_swedish_ci | latin1 | 8 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| latin1_danish_ci | latin1 | 15 | | Yes | 1 |
| latin1_german2_ci | latin1 | 31 | | Yes | 2 |
| latin1_bin | latin1 | 47 | | Yes | 1 |
| latin1_general_ci | latin1 | 48 | | Yes | 1 |
| latin1_general_cs | latin1 | 49 | | Yes | 1 |
| latin1_spanish_ci | latin1 | 94 | | Yes | 1 |
| latin2_czech_cs | latin2 | 2 | | Yes | 4 |
| latin2_general_ci | latin2 | 9 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| latin2_hungarian_ci | latin2 | 21 | | Yes | 1 |
| latin2_croatian_ci | latin2 | 27 | | Yes | 1 |
| latin2_bin | latin2 | 77 | | Yes | 1 |
| swe7_swedish_ci | swe7 | 10 | Yes | | 0 |
| swe7_bin | swe7 | 82 | | | 0 |
| ascii_general_ci | ascii | 11 | Yes | | 0 |
| ascii_bin | ascii | 65 | | | 0 |
| ujis_japanese_ci | ujis | 12 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| ujis_bin | ujis | 91 | | Yes | 1 |
| sjis_japanese_ci | sjis | 13 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| sjis_bin | sjis | 88 | | Yes | 1 |
| hebrew_general_ci | hebrew | 16 | Yes | | 0 |
| hebrew_bin | hebrew | 71 | | | 0 |
| tis620_thai_ci | tis620 | 18 | Yes | Yes | 4 |
| tis620_bin | tis620 | 89 | | Yes | 1 |
| euckr_korean_ci | euckr | 19 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| euckr_bin | euckr | 85 | | Yes | 1 |
| koi8u_general_ci | koi8u | 22 | Yes | | 0 |
| koi8u_bin | koi8u | 75 | | | 0 |
| gb2312_chinese_ci | gb2312 | 24 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| gb2312_bin | gb2312 | 86 | | Yes | 1 |
| greek_general_ci | greek | 25 | Yes | | 0 |
| greek_bin | greek | 70 | | | 0 |
| cp1250_general_ci | cp1250 | 26 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| cp1250_czech_cs | cp1250 | 34 | | Yes | 2 |
| cp1250_croatian_ci | cp1250 | 44 | | Yes | 1 |
| cp1250_bin | cp1250 | 66 | | Yes | 1 |
| gbk_chinese_ci | gbk | 28 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| gbk_bin | gbk | 87 | | Yes | 1 |
| latin5_turkish_ci | latin5 | 30 | Yes | | 0 |
| latin5_bin | latin5 | 78 | | | 0 |
| armscii8_general_ci | armscii8 | 32 | Yes | | 0 |
| armscii8_bin | armscii8 | 64 | | | 0 |
| utf8_general_ci | utf8 | 33 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| utf8_bin | utf8 | 83 | | Yes | 1 |
| utf8_unicode_ci | utf8 | 192 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_icelandic_ci | utf8 | 193 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_latvian_ci | utf8 | 194 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_romanian_ci | utf8 | 195 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_slovenian_ci | utf8 | 196 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_polish_ci | utf8 | 197 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_estonian_ci | utf8 | 198 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_spanish_ci | utf8 | 199 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_swedish_ci | utf8 | 200 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_turkish_ci | utf8 | 201 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_czech_ci | utf8 | 202 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_danish_ci | utf8 | 203 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_lithuanian_ci | utf8 | 204 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_slovak_ci | utf8 | 205 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_spanish2_ci | utf8 | 206 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_roman_ci | utf8 | 207 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_persian_ci | utf8 | 208 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_esperanto_ci | utf8 | 209 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_hungarian_ci | utf8 | 210 | | Yes | 8 |
| ucs2_general_ci | ucs2 | 35 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| ucs2_bin | ucs2 | 90 | | Yes | 1 |
| ucs2_unicode_ci | ucs2 | 128 | | Yes | 8 |
| ucs2_icelandic_ci | ucs2 | 129 | | Yes | 8 |
| ucs2_latvian_ci | ucs2 | 130 | | Yes | 8 |
| ucs2_romanian_ci | ucs2 | 131 | | Yes | 8 |
| ucs2_slovenian_ci | ucs2 | 132 | | Yes | 8 |
| ucs2_polish_ci | ucs2 | 133 | | Yes | 8 |
| ucs2_estonian_ci | ucs2 | 134 | | Yes | 8 |
| ucs2_spanish_ci | ucs2 | 135 | | Yes | 8 |
| ucs2_swedish_ci | ucs2 | 136 | | Yes | 8 |
| ucs2_turkish_ci | ucs2 | 137 | | Yes | 8 |
| ucs2_czech_ci | ucs2 | 138 | | Yes | 8 |
| ucs2_danish_ci | ucs2 | 139 | | Yes | 8 |
| ucs2_lithuanian_ci | ucs2 | 140 | | Yes | 8 |
| ucs2_slovak_ci | ucs2 | 141 | | Yes | 8 |
| ucs2_spanish2_ci | ucs2 | 142 | | Yes | 8 |
| ucs2_roman_ci | ucs2 | 143 | | Yes | 8 |
| ucs2_persian_ci | ucs2 | 144 | | Yes | 8 |
| ucs2_esperanto_ci | ucs2 | 145 | | Yes | 8 |
| ucs2_hungarian_ci | ucs2 | 146 | | Yes | 8 |
| cp866_general_ci | cp866 | 36 | Yes | | 0 |
| cp866_bin | cp866 | 68 | | | 0 |
| keybcs2_general_ci | keybcs2 | 37 | Yes | | 0 |
| keybcs2_bin | keybcs2 | 73 | | | 0 |
| macce_general_ci | macce | 38 | Yes | | 0 |
| macce_bin | macce | 43 | | | 0 |
| macroman_general_ci | macroman | 39 | Yes | | 0 |
| macroman_bin | macroman | 53 | | | 0 |
| cp852_general_ci | cp852 | 40 | Yes | | 0 |
| cp852_bin | cp852 | 81 | | | 0 |
| latin7_estonian_cs | latin7 | 20 | | | 0 |
| latin7_general_ci | latin7 | 41 | Yes | | 0 |
| latin7_general_cs | latin7 | 42 | | | 0 |
| latin7_bin | latin7 | 79 | | | 0 |
| cp1251_bulgarian_ci | cp1251 | 14 | | | 0 |
| cp1251_ukrainian_ci | cp1251 | 23 | | | 0 |
| cp1251_bin | cp1251 | 50 | | | 0 |
| cp1251_general_ci | cp1251 | 51 | Yes | | 0 |
| cp1251_general_cs | cp1251 | 52 | | | 0 |
| cp1256_general_ci | cp1256 | 57 | Yes | | 0 |
| cp1256_bin | cp1256 | 67 | | | 0 |
| cp1257_lithuanian_ci | cp1257 | 29 | | | 0 |
| cp1257_bin | cp1257 | 58 | | | 0 |
| cp1257_general_ci | cp1257 | 59 | Yes | | 0 |
| binary | binary | 63 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| geostd8_general_ci | geostd8 | 92 | Yes | | 0 |
| geostd8_bin | geostd8 | 93 | | | 0 |
| cp932_japanese_ci | cp932 | 95 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| cp932_bin | cp932 | 96 | | Yes | 1 |
| eucjpms_japanese_ci | eucjpms | 97 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| eucjpms_bin | eucjpms | 98 | | Yes | 1 |
+----------------------+----------+-----+---------+----------+---------+
126 rows in set (0.02 sec)
Wyświetlenie reguł kodowania z nazwami zaczynającymi się od latin2
mysql> SHOW COLLATION LIKE 'latin2%';
+---------------------+---------+----+---------+----------+---------+
| Collation | Charset | Id | Default | Compiled | Sortlen |
+---------------------+---------+----+---------+----------+---------+
| latin2_czech_cs | latin2 | 2 | | Yes | 4 |
| latin2_general_ci | latin2 | 9 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| latin2_hungarian_ci | latin2 | 21 | | Yes | 1 |
| latin2_croatian_ci | latin2 | 27 | | Yes | 1 |
| latin2_bin | latin2 | 77 | | Yes | 1 |
+---------------------+---------+----+---------+----------+---------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
Znak % służy do oznaczenia dowolnego zakończenia nazwy.
Polskie znaki można zakodować za pomocą czterech standardów:
latin2 – standard ISO-8859-2
cp1250 – standard Windows-1250
cp852 – standard DOSa, strona kodowa 852
utf8 – standard Unicode (RFC 3629)
W MySQL odpowiadają im cztery reguły kodowanie:
latin2_general_ci
cp1250_general_ci
cp852_general_ci
utf8_general_ci
Wczytywanie plików z poleceniami
Większą liczbę poleceń można wykonać, przez wczytanie ich z zewnętrznego pliku. Jeżeli plik znajduje się w
innym katalogu niż aktualny, należy wpisać pełną ścieżkę dostępu do pliku.
mysql> SOURCE plik.sql
Plik z poleceniami można także wczytać podczas uruchamiania klienta mysql:
mysql test -u student -p < test.sql
Tworzenie tabeli
Instrukcja tworzenia tabeli ma postać:
CRATE TABLE nazwa
(
nazwa_kolumny_1 typ_kolumny [atrybuty],
nazwa_kolumny_2 typ_kolumny [atrybuty],
...
nazwa_kolumny_n typ_kolumny [atrybuty]
)
149588263.002.png

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