Crash Course - Past Simple.pdf - czasy - ewciasta

GRAMMAR POINT:

THE PAST SIMPLE

The PAST SIMPLE with REGULAR verbs

Example with

WASH

AFFIRMATIVE

NEGATIVE

INTERROGATIVE

I wash

You wash

He / She wash

We wash

You wash

They wash

DIDN’T

(DID NOT) wash

DID

I wash …?

you wash …?

he / she wash …?

we wash …?

you wash …?

they wash …?

You

wash

He / She

wash

You

wash

They

wash

A FEW REMARKS

• Verbs ending with ‘e’:

→ add only –

ex: live → live .

• Verbs ending with a consonant + ‘y’:

→ ‘y’ becomes ‘i’ + add –

ex: carry → carr

i ed

• Verbs ending with a vowel + ‘y’:

→ add only –

ex: stay → stay .

• If the verb ends in a consonant, a vowel, and a consonant (except ‘w’, ‘x’, ‘y’)

double the consonant and add – .

ex: stop → stop p ed

• If a two-syllable verb ends in a consonant, a vowel, and a consonant and the last

syllable is stressed, double the last consonant and add – .

ex: pre fer → prefer r ed .

HOW TO PRONOUNCE – / –

ed d

• 3 pronunciations: /d/ /t/

/id/

• Classify the following verbs according to the final sound you are likely to hear.

watch / play / invent / preferr / stopp / direct / fascinat / discover

/ help / brush / cal / want / walk / paint .

l ed

/d/

/t/

/id/

The PAST SIMPLE with IRREGULAR verbs

• You have to learn the

irregular

forms used in

AFFIRMATIVE

sentences.

• In negative and interrogative sentences, you need the auxiliary

and the

base

form of the verb

Example with

AFFIRMATIVE

NEGATIVE

INTERROGATIVE

went

DIDN’T

(DID NOT) go

DID

I go …?

you go …?

he / she go …?

we go …?

you go …?

they go …?

You

He / She

You

They

• See the

list

of the most common irregular verbs.

WHEN TO USE THE PAST SIMPLE

We use the

Past Simple

to talk about …

• an action that

started

and

finished

at a specific time in the past

Ex:

I watched a nice movie yesterday.

Last year, I wrote a book.

• A series of

completed actions

in the past

Ex:

He woke up, got up immediately, had a quick shower and went to work.

• a

duration

which

started

and

stopped

in the past

Ex:

They lived in Paris for 2 years. Now they live in London.

• a

habit

which

stopped

in the past

Ex:

Did you play the piano when you were a kid?

• past facts or generalizations which are

no longer true

Ex:

She was very shy when she was younger.

(Also: She used to be very shy when she was younger. )

COMMON PAST TIME EXPRESSIONS

•

yesterday

ago

last

when

They didn’t go to the cinema yesterday .

•

He called two hours ago .

•

He found a job last week .

• (+ year)

She died in 1992 .

•

…

I studied German when I was younger .

DID

TIME TO PRACTISE!

Exercise 1: Choose the right answer.

1. Where ___________________ last winter?

do you go did you go went you

2. He ___________________ his car 3 weeks ago.

bought did buy buy

3. My mother ___________________ in the country when she was younger.

live did live lived

5. We ___________________ last month.

moved in move in did move in

6. How ___________________ you finger?

cut you you cut did you cut

Exercise 2: Some information in the following paragraph is missing. Write the

questions you are going to ask to know the missing information.

Yesterday, ___ 1 ___ had a very rough day. She got up early to ___ 2 ___, but as soon as she

stepped out of the door, it began to rain, so she had to go back to the apartment and get her

umbrella. The elevator was out, so she had to climb ___ 3 ___ flights of stairs to get to her

place. When she got back downstairs, she was so exhausted that she had to sit down on a

___ 4 ___ to rest. By that time, it had stopped raining, but the ground was still wet. A brown

dog came to where she was sitting and begged for something to eat. She tried to ignore him,

but he splashed water all over her brand new shoes. Finally, the bus came, and she was on

her way to the supermarket.

When she got to the supermarket, she realized ___ 5 ___, so she couldn't remember

everything she wanted to buy. The cashier was too busy to help her, so she gathered up a

few items and carried them to the counter. After the cashier finished ringing up her purchase,

he gave her the wrong change and stuffed her groceries into her small shopping cart. She

was not in a good mood when she left the supermarket.

If that wasn't bad enough, she had a terrible time on the bus ride home. First, the bus driver

yelled at her because ___ 6 ___. Couldn't he see that she had a cart full of groceries? Then,

there were not any seats. She was sure that someone on the bus could have offered her a

place to sit, but everyone was so rude. They pretended not to see her. She just stood there,

leaned against one of the poles in the aisles, put her head down, and sighed.

(Adapted from http://www.eslgold.com/writing/sample_past.html)

1. _______________________________________________________________________

2. _______________________________________________________________________

3. _______________________________________________________________________

4. _______________________________________________________________________

5. _______________________________________________________________________

6. _______________________________________________________________________

didn’t lose

4. I think I ___________________ my glasses in the library.

losed lost

LIST OF THE MOST COMMON IRREGULAR VERBS

Infinitive

Past

Simple

Past

Participle

Meaning Infinitive

Past

Simple

Past

Participle

Meaning

was/were

been

lose

lost

beat

beaten

make

made

become

became

become

meet

met

begin

began

begun

pay

paid

bend

bent

put

bet

read

bite

bit

bitten

ride

rode

ridden

blow

blew

blown

ring

rang

rung

break

broke

broken

rise

rose

risen

bring

brought

run

ran

run

build

built

say

said

burst

see

saw

seen

buy

bought

seek

sought

catch

caught

sell

sold

choose

chose

chosen

send

sent

come

came

come

set

cost

sew

sewed

sewn/sewed

cut

shake

shook

shaken

deal

dealt

shine

shone

dig

dug

shoot

shot

did

done

show

showed

shown

draw

drew

drawn

shrink

shrank

shrunk

drink

drank

drunk

shut

eat

ate

eaten

sing

sang

sung

fall

fell

fallen

sink

sank

sunk

feed

fed

sit

sat

feel

felt

sleep

slept

fight

fought

speak

spoke

spoken

find

found

spend

spent

fly

flew

flown

split

forbid

forbade

forbidden

spread

forget

forgot

forgotten

spring

sprang

sprung

freeze

froze

frozen

stand

stood

get

got

steal

stole

stolen

give

gave

given

stick

stuck

went

gone

sting

stung

grow

grew

grown

stink

stank

stunk

hang

hung

strike

struck

have

had

swear

swore

sworn

hear

heard

sweep

swept

hide

hid

hidden

swim

swam

swum

hit

swing

swung

hold

held

take

took

taken

hurt

teach

taught

keep

kept

tear

tore

torn

know

knew

known

tell

told

lay

laid

think

thought

lead

led

thrown

threw

thrown

leave

left

understand understood understood

lend

lent

wake

woke

woken

let

wear

wore

worn

lie

lay

lain

win

won

light

lit

write

wrote

written

SOLUTIONS

/d/

/t/

/id/

play ed / preferr ed /

discover ed / call ed /

watch ed / stopp ed / help ed /

brush ed / walk ed /

invent ed / direct ed /

fascinat ed / want ed /

paint ed

Exercise 1 :

1. Where did you go last winter?

2. He bought his car 3 weeks ago.

3. My mother lived in the country when she was younger.

4. I think I lost my glasses in the library.

5. We moved in last month.

6. How did you cut you finger?

Exercise 2 :

1. Who had a very rough day yesterday?

2. Why did she get up early? / What did she get up early for ?

3. How many flights of stairs did she (have to) climb to get to her place?

4. Where did she (have to) sit down to rest?

5. What did she realize?

6. Why did the bus driver yell at her?

Sites used to make this worksheet :

http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/simplepast.html

http://esl.about.com/library/grammar/blpastsimple.htm

http://www.eslgold.com/grammar/simple_past.html

http://esl.about.com/library/grammar/blpastsimple.htm

Download this audio file to listen to the pronunciation of some of these irregular verbs:

http://www.eslpodcards.com/irregular-verbs.php

Crash Course - Past Simple.pdf

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