LPI_101_Study_Guide.pdf

LPI Level 1

Test 101

Certification Study Guide

By Victor Mendonça

Detailed Objectives:

http://www.lpi.org/eng/certification/the_lpic_program/lpic_1/exam_101_detailed_objectives

October 22 2007 (Updated on January 2010)

License

This document comes with no warranty. These are my notes for the LPI101 exam and should not be used as the only mean for

preparation for this test.

The document is open for distribution and changes, as long as it mentions my name as the initial author.

Bibliography

O'Reilly LPI Linux Certification in a Nutshell, 2nd Edition

http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596005283/index.html

IBM Linux Professional Institute (LPI) exam prep

www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/lpi/

Study Material

MCMCSE Forum

http://www.mcmcse.com/linux/lpic1.shtml

Practice Exam

http://www.linuxpraxis.de/lpisim/lpi.html

IRC

irc.freenode.net #lpi

Errata

I'm willing to make major corrections, however I cannot guarantee the response time.

Please send an email to victorbrca@yahoo.ca with the following info:

Subject: LPI 101 correction

Include:

Content to be corrected

Page

Source that proves you are right

Thanks!! ;)

Author

Victor Mendonça

http://wazem.org

Index

Topic 1.101 Hardware and Architecture

Objective 1 Configure Fundamental BIOS Settings ........................................................................................... Page 4

Objective 3 Configure Modems and Sound Cards .............................................................................................. Page 6

Objective 4 Set Up NonIDE Devices ................................................................................................................. Page 6

Objective 5 Set Up Different PC Expansion Cards ............................................................................................. Page 8

Objective 6 Configure Communications Devices ............................................................................................... Page 9

Objective 7 Configure USB Devices ................................................................................................................... Page 9

Topic 1.102 Linux Installation and Package Management

Objective 1 Design a Hard Disk Layout .............................................................................................................. Page 1 1

Objective 2 Install a Boot Manager ..................................................................................................................... Page 12

Objective 3 Make and Install Programs from Source ......................................................................................... Page 16

Objective 4 Manage Shared Libraries ................................................................................................................. Page 17

Objective 5 Use Debian Package Manager .......................................................................................................... Page 19

Objective 6 Use Red Hat Package Manager ........................................................................................................ Page 22

Topic 1.103 GNU and UNIX Commands

Objective 1 Work on the Command Line ............................................................................................................ Page 25

Objective 2 Process Text Streams Using Filters ................................................................................................. Page 31

Objective 3 Perform Basic File Management....................................................................................................... Page 43

Objective 4 Use Unix Streams, Pipes and Redirects ............................................................................................ Page 48

Objective 5 Create, Monitor and Kill Processes .................................................................................................. Page 50

Objective 6 Modify Process Execution Priority .................................................................................................. Page 57

Objective 7 Search Text Files Using Regular Expressions .................................................................................. Page 58

Objective 8 Perform Basic File Editing Operations Using vi .............................................................................. Page 63

Topic 1.104 Devices, Linux Filesystems, and the Filesystem Hierarchy

Objective 1 Create Partitions and Filesystems .................................................................................................... Page 66

Objective 2 Maintain the Integrity of Filesystems .............................................................................................. Page 70

Objective 3 Control Filesystem Mounting and Unmounting .............................................................................. Page 74

Objective 4 Managing Disk Quotas .................................................................................................................... Page 78

Objective 5 Use File Permissions to Control Access to Files ............................................................................. Page 84

Objective 6 Manage File Ownership ................................................................................................................... Page 87

Objective 7 Create and Change Hard and Symbolic Links ................................................................................. Page 89

Objective 8 Find System Files and Place Files in the Correct Location ............................................................. Pag e 91

Topic 1.101

Hardware and Architecture

Objective 1: Configure Fundamental BIOS Settings

BIOS

Usually includes system initialization, testing memory (and other) and locating OS.

Date and time

Configured in the BIOS and passed on to the OS.

It can also be configured on the OS (eg: NTP server or daemon)

Disks and boot devices

Booting choices, NIC booting, configuring devices, etc...

Buses

PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect (8 and 16bit devices)

ISA Industry Standard Architecture (32bit devices)

The files /proc/pci contains informations on current system PCI devices. This file is (has) becoming obsolete and being replaced

by the command 'lspci' (/sbin/lspci on RedHat, /usr/bin/lspci on Debian)

Resource Assignments

Resource assignments can be identified via boot messages (dmesg), the specific /proc/ subsystem or other utilities

DMA (Direct Memory Access)

Provides hardware direct access to the memory bypassing CPU

Most devices only request a DMA channel when IO is actually happening

See /proc/dma for current system DMA assignments (usually empty, see previous statement)

I/O

Devices addresses on CPUs memory map

The file /proc/ioports contain information on current system I/O assignments

IRQ (Interrupt Requests)

Interrupt priority to the CPU

I/O, IRQ and DMA

See /proc/interrupts for current system IRQ assignments

Today's devices share IRQs

Device

I/O

IRQ DMA

ttyS0 (COM1)

3f8

N/A

ttyS1 (COM2)

2f8

N/A

Note: memorize parallel and serial IRQs

ttyS2 (COM3)

3e8

N/A

ttyS3 (COM4)

2e8

N/A

lp0 (LPT1)

37837f

N/A

lp1 (LPT2)

27827f

N/A

fd0,fd1

3f03f7

Plug And Play

Was developed to allow a a device to tell the system it's resource requirements and allow the BIOS to tell the device which

resources to use

Prior to kernel 2.4 a package called isapnptools allowed users to configure PnP

. The command pnpdump scans PnP devices during boot and dumps a list of resources that devices need or would like to use in a

configuration file (usually /etc/isapnp.conf)

. User would edit the file and uncomment the commands the he would like to use

. isapnp would read the conf file and configure the system

A tool called lspnp can also be used to display information on PnP devices (which is the same as /proc/bus/pnp)

IDE Hard Drives

Integrated Drive Electronics are the most common nowadays

Usually come in two formats:

. AT Attachment ATA

. Serial AT Attachment SATA

Disk capacities are measured in powers of 10 (not 1024)

Size Limitation

Original CHS (Cylinder, Head, Sector) design only allows up to 137 GB

Logical Block Address (LBA) was designed to overcome the size limits from CHS. The system ignores the geometry and leaves

it to the drive to figure out by referring to a LBA instead of a real location

An older device that does not have LBA support might need the boot from within the the first 1024 cylinders

1024Cylinder Limit

Boot loader on Linux can be placed either on MBR or on the root partition. Some BIOS can not read over the 1024 th cylinder,

which can cause a problem.

Older version of LILO requires the Kernel to be within the first 1024 cylinders as well

Linux Disk Names

The /dev/ filesystem is a pseudo filesystem (just like /proc/)

Naming is done as the devices are found:

. Controller 1 Master HD /dev/hda

. Controller 1 Slave HD /dev/hdb

. Controller 2 Master HD /dev/hdc

. Controller 2 Slave HD /dev/hdd

A drive can have up to 4 primary partitions and up to 512 logical (however the OS might limit it to 63)

Nowadays USB and SATA devices appear as sd rather than hd (also true for hard drives)

Legacy Peripherals

Many systems do not use interrupts for printers, so the IRQ may or may not be used

Parallel ports can usualy be configured with different signaling modes (bidirections, EPP, ECP):

. Enhanced Capabilities Port (ECP) Designed to use with printers

. Enhanced Parallel Port (EPP) Devices that require a large amount of data to flow either way (CDROM, tape)

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