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Bo nauka nie musi byę nudna!
INTELLIGENCE
I.
Read the texts below and do the tasks (Przeczytaj poniŇsze teksty i wykonaj
zadania)
1. Complete the first test with prepositions. (Uzupeþnij pierwszy tekst przyimkami)
What is intelligence?
Defining intelligence is highly problematic. Is there an 'intelligence' that equips us to solve all
kinds 1 È problems and answer all questions, regardless 2 È their nature? Or are there
different intelligences that help us deal 3 È particular problems and solutions? The scientific
community is divided on the issue.
In spring 1998, Robert Plomin claimed to have discovered a gene linked 4 È intelligence.
More recently, the Human Genome Project is cautious when approaching areas implying
racial differences since research actually shows greater genetic differences within races than 5
È races.
However, not all individuals are endowed 6 È the same intelligence and many believe this
must have something to do 7 È our genes and the way they interact with the environment.
Identical twins are more likely to obtain the same score in an IQ test than twins 8 È two
separate eggs that have a different genetic make up.
It is important to remember that genes work 9 È interacting with the environment, so social
factors will also influence intelligence. Intelligence tests may be more of an assessment 10 È
social factors, such as your educational background.
Black children adopted into white middle class families score significantly higher 11 È
average than those 12 È working class families- implying a cultural bias 13 È tests. It is
impossible to devise questions 14 È some cultural or gender bias; boys tend to do better 15
È spatial tests whereas girls score higher on linguistic tests.
BBC science
2. Find words in the second text that are described by the definitions (ZnajdŅ w drugim
tekĻcie sþowa opisane przez definicje)
Recipe for intelligence
Better schooling, parenting and increased leisure time for activities are believed to have
influenced improved IQ scores across the board. Good nutrition means an individual is able to
function well both physically and mentally. Although many believe this plays a role in
intelligence, it is very difficult to assess. A balanced diet will provide all the foods required to
maintain the correct balance of neurotransmitters.
BBC science
a)
relating to the health or state of someone's mind
b)
the process of giving or getting the right type of food for good health and growth
c)
to make a judgment about a person or situation after thinking carefully about it
d)
to make something continue in the same way or at the same standard as before
e)
time when you are not working or studying and can relax and do things you enjoy
1
Bo nauka nie musi byę nudna!
3. Complete the third text with correct forms of the words given. (Uzupeþnij trzeci tekst
wþaĻciwymi formami podanych wyrazw)
Artificial Intelligence
Can a machine behave like a person? This question underlies artificial intelligence (AI), the
study of intelligent behavior in machines. In the 1980s, AI research focused on creating
machines that could 1 È problems and reason like humans. One of the most difficult
problems in artificial 2 È is that of 3 È. A consciousness gives us feelings and makes us
aware of our own 4 È. But scientists have found it difficult getting robots to carry out even
the 5 È of cognitive tasks. Creating a self-aware robot with real feelings is a 6 È challenge
faced by scientists hoping to mimic human intelligence in a machine. Since the early 1990s,
7È have concentrated on developing smaller, 8 È robots instead of trying to 9 È human
intelligence. The model for many of these machines is insect intelligence, which is - in its
own way Î very sophisticated
BBC science
SOLUTION
EXIST
RESEARCH
INTELLIGENT
SIMPLE
DEPEND
CONSCIOUS
SIGN
CREATE
4. Match the words from the texts with their Polish translations. (PoþĢcz wyrazy z
tekstw z ich polskim tþumaczeniem)
independent
Wyszukany
spatial
NiezaleŇny
focused
ĺwiadomy
sophisticated
MyĻlowy
leisure
ĺwiadomoĻę
maintain
Rozumowaę
aware
Skupiony
bias
Sztuczny
nutrition
Byę podstawĢ
devise
Utrzymaę
artificial
OdŇywianie
increased
Wpþywaę
reason
Wolny
recipe
Wzrastaę
cognitive
Rodzicielstwo
significantly
Przestrzenny
obtain
Stworzyę
parenting
Uprzedzenie
underlies
ĺrednia
assessment
ZnaczĢco
influenced
Ocena
consciousness
Uzyskaę
average
Obdarzony
2
Bo nauka nie musi byę nudna!
II.
MODAL VERBS REVIEW: Complete the sentences with correct modal verbs.
(Uzupeþnij zdania wþaĻciwymi czasownikami modalnymi)
REMEMBER:
Present
modal verbs:
can, could, may, might, should, will, must, need
Past
modal verbs:
could, might, would
Past
modal verbs with a different meaning:
can have, could have, may have, might have,
should have, would have, must have, neednÓt have
I
can/could
tell you (= mogħ ci powiedzieę)
PRESENT
I
could
tell you (= mogþam ci powiedzieę Î nikt mi nie zabroniþ)
PAST
I
could have told
you (= mogþam ci powiedzieę Î ale nie powiedziaþam)
PAST
I
canÓt
tell you (= nie mogħ ci powiedzieę)
PRESENT
I
couldnÓt
tell you (= nie mogþam ci powiedzieę)
PAST
I
couldnÓt have told
you
(na pewno ci nie powiedziaþam)
PAST
She
may/might
go (= moŇe iĻę / moŇe pjdzie)
PRESENT
She
may/might have gone
(= byę moŇe poszþa)
PAST
He
should
go to the doctor (= powinien iĻę do lekarza)
PRESENT
He
should have gone
to the doctor (= powinien byþ pjĻę do lekarza)
PAST
I
must
go (= muszħ iĻę)
PRESENT
I
had to
go (= musiaþam iĻę)
PAST
I
must have gone
(=
na pewno poszþam
)
PAST
I
donÓt need
to go (= nie muszħ iĻę)
PRESENT
I
didnÓt need
to go (= nie musiaþam iĻę)
PAST
I
neednÓt have gone
(=
niepotrzebnie poszþam
)
PAST
1. Put the correct modal verb in its correct form combined with the verb in
brackets to make deductions. (Wstaw odpowiedni czasownik modalny wraz z
czasownikiem podanym w nawiasie)
Situation : They went on holiday but the window is open
1. They ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ (
forget
) to close the window.
2. Their daughter ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ (
be
) at home at the moment.
3. There ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ (
be
) a burglary last night.
Situation : She left her purse at home.
4. She ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ (
forget
) to take it.
5. She ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ (
not need
) it.
6. There ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ (
be
) some logical reason for it
3
Bo nauka nie musi byę nudna!
2. Put the correct modal verb in its correct form into the gaps. Wstaw
odpowiedni modal we wþaĻciwej formie)
1. He was very talented; he ÈÈÈÈÈ paint and sing at the same time.
2. We ÈÈÈÈÈ umbrellas; we wouldnÓt have got wet.
3. The picture was so small that I ÈÈÈÈÈ see all the details.
4. You ÈÈÈÈÈ try this salad itÓs delicious!
5. NOTICE: All books ÈÈÈÈÈ returned to the library by Friday
6. You ÈÈÈÈÈ me in a pub, I wasnÓt there! I was learning all night.
7. You ÈÈÈÈÈ smoke here. ItÓs a non- smoking area.
8. We ÈÈÈÈÈ hurry; we had plenty of time.
9. She ÈÈÈÈÈ him the truth. Only she knew about it.
3. Complete these sentences in an appropriate way. (Uzupeþnij zdania)
1. I left my car here and now it's gone.
Someone ÈÈÈÈÈ (
steal
) it.
2. I brought some food.
You ÈÈÈÈÈ (
bring
) food; we have loads in the fridge.
3. I have read Beowulf for the exam.
You ÈÈÈÈÈ (
read
) it. ItÓs not on the list
Key
1.
of
2.
of
3.
with
4.
with
5.
between
6.
with
7.
with
8.
from
9.
by
10.
of
11.
on
12.
in
13.
to / towards
14.
without
15.
in
a)
mental
b)
nutrition
c)
assess
d)
maintain
e)
leisure
1.
solve
2.
intelligence
3.
consciousness
4.
existence
5.
simplest
6.
significant
7.
researchers
8.
independent
9.
recreate
4
Bo nauka nie musi byę nudna!
Sophisticated
Wyszukany
Independent
NiezaleŇny
Aware
ĺwiadomy
Cognitive
MyĻlowy
Consciousness
ĺwiadomoĻę
Reason
Rozumowaę
Focused
Skupiony
Artificial
Sztuczny
Underlie
Byę podstawĢ
Maintain
Utrzymaę
Nutrition
OdŇywianie
Influence
Wpþywaę
Leisure
Wolny
Increase
Wzrastaę
Parenting
Rodzicielstwo
Spatial
Przestrzenny
Devise
Stworzyę
Bias
Uprzedzenie
Average
ĺrednia
Significantly
ZnaczĢco
Assessment
Ocena
Obtain
Uzyskaę
Endowed
Obdarzony
II
1.
1.
may/might have forgotten
2.
may/might be
3.
may/might/can/could have been
4.
may/might have forgotten
5.
may not need
6.
must be
2.
1.
could
2.
should have taken
3.
couldnÓt
4.
must
5.
must be
6.
canÓt have seen
7.
mustnÓt
8.
didnÓt need to
9.
must have told
3.
1.
must have stolen
2.
neednÓt have brought
3.
neednÓt have read
5
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