Wainwright - Pro Apache 3e (Apress, 2004).pdf

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Pro Apache,
Third Edition
PETER WAINWRIGHT
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Pro Apache, Third Edition
Copyright ©2004 by Peter Wainwright
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by
any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information
storage or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner and the
publisher.
ISBN (pbk): 1-59059-300-6
Printed and bound in the United States of America 12345678910
Trademarked names may appear in this book. Rather than use a trademark symbol with every
occurrence of a trademarked name, we use the names only in an editorial fashion and to the
benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark.
Technical Reviewer and Contributing Author: Bradley Bartram
Editorial Board: Dan Appleman, Craig Berry, Gary Cornell, Tony Davis, Steven Rycroft,
Julian Skinner, Martin Streicher, Jim Sumser, Karen Watterson, Gavin Wray, John Zukowski
Assistant Publisher: Grace Wong
Project Manager: Tracy Brown Collins
Development Editor: Robert J. Denn
Copy Editor: Kim Wimpsett
Production Manager: Kari Brooks
Production Editor: Laura Cheu
Proofreader: Nancy Sixsmith
Compositor: Diana Van Winkle, Van Winkle Design Group
Indexer: Kevin Broccoli
Cover Designer: Kurt Krames
Manufacturing Manager: Tom Debolski
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be caused directly or indirectly by the information contained in this work. .
The source code for this book is available to readers at http://www.apress.com in the Downloads
section.
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Contents at a Glance
About the Author ...............................................................................................xix
About the Technical Reviewer and Contributing Author .................xxi
Chapter 1 Apache and the Internet .......................................................1
Chapter 2 Getting Started with Apache ............................................37
Chapter 3 Building Apache the Way You Want It ........................101
Chapter 4 Configuring Apache the Way You Want It ..................155
Chapter 5 Deciding What the Client Needs ...................................231
Chapter 6 Delivering Dynamic Content ............................................307
Chapter 7 Hosting More Than One Web Site ...................................405
Chapter 8 Improving Apache’s Performance ...................................457
Chapter 9 Monitoring Apache ................................................................539
Chapter 10 Securing Apache ....................................................................597
Chapter 11 Improving Web Server Security .....................................673
Chapter 12 Extending Apache ..................................................................727
Index ......................................................................................................................843
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Contents
About the Author ...............................................................................................xix
About the Technical Reviewer and Contributing Author .................xxi
Chapter 1 Apache and the Internet ..............................................1
Apache: The Anatomy of a Web Server .........................................................1
The Apache Source ............................................................................................. 1
The Apache License ............................................................................................1
Support for Apache .............................................................................................2
How Apache Works ..............................................................................................3
The Hypertext Transfer Protocol ..................................................................7
HTTP Requests and Responses ..........................................................................7
HTTP Headers ...................................................................................................12
Networking and TCP/IP ......................................................................................13
Definitions .........................................................................................................13
Packets and Encapsulation ...............................................................................14
ACKs, NAKs, and Other Messages ....................................................................15
The TCP/IP Network Model .............................................................................16
Non-IP Protocols ...............................................................................................19
IP Addresses and Network Classes ...................................................................19
Special IP Addresses ..........................................................................................20
Netmasks and Routing ......................................................................................21
Web Services: Well-Known Ports ......................................................................23
Internet Daemon: The Networking Super Server ...........................................24
The Future: IPv6 ................................................................................................25
Networking Tools ...............................................................................................26
Server Hardware ...................................................................................................29
Supported Platforms .........................................................................................29
Basic Server Requirements ...............................................................................30
Memory ..............................................................................................................31
Network Interface ..............................................................................................32
Internet Connection .........................................................................................32
Hard Disk and Controller .................................................................................33
Operating System Checklist .............................................................................33
Redundancy and Backup ..................................................................................34
Specific Hardware Solutions ............................................................................35
Get Someone Else to Do It .............................................................................36
Summary ....................................................................................................................36
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