Dan Gillmor - We the Media; Grassroots Journalism By the People, For the People (2004).pdf

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Contents
Introduction
IX
1. From Tom Paine to Blogs and Beyond
1
2. The Read-Write Web
23
3. The Gates Come Down
44
4. Newsmakers Turn the Tables
66
5. The Consent of the Governed
88
6. Professional Journalists Join the Conversation
110
7. The Former Audience Joins the Party
136
8. Next Steps
158
9. Trolls, Spin, and the Boundaries of Trust
174
10. Here Come the Judges (and Lawyers)
191
11. The Empires Strike Back
209
12. Making Our Own News
236
Epilogue and Acknowledgments
243
Web Site Directory
251
Glossary
259
Notes
261
Index
281
V
 
 
Introduction
We freeze some moments in time. Every culture has its frozen
moments, events so important and personal that they transcend
the normal flow of news.
Americans of a certain age, for example, know precisely
where they were and what they were doing when they learned
that President Franklin D. Roosevelt died. Another generation
has absolute clarity of John F. Kennedy’s assassination. And no
one who was older than a baby on September 11, 2001, will
ever forget hearing about, or seeing, airplanes exploding into
skyscrapers.
In 1945, people gathered around radios for the immediate
news, and stayed with the radio to hear more about their fallen
leader and about the man who took his place. Newspapers
printed extra editions and filled their columns with detail for
days and weeks afterward. Magazines stepped back from the
breaking news and offered perspective.
Something similar happened in 1963, but with a newer
medium. The immediate news of Kennedy’s death came for
most via television; I’m old enough to remember that heart-
breaking moment when Walter Cronkite put on his horn-
rimmed glasses to glance at a message from Dallas and then,
blinking back tears, told his viewers that their leader was gone.
As in the earlier time, newspapers and magazines pulled out all
the stops to add detail and context.
September 11, 2001, followed a similarly grim pattern. We
watched—again and again—the awful events. Consumers of
IX
 
WE THE MEDIA
news learned the what about the attacks, thanks to the televi-
sion networks that showed the horror so graphically. Then we
learned some of the how and why as print publications and
thoughtful broadcasters worked to bring depth to events that
defied mere words. Journalists did some of their finest work and
made me proud to be one of them.
But something else, something profound, was happening
this time around: news was being produced by regular people
who had something to say and show, and not solely by the
“official” news organizations that had traditionally decided how
the first draft of history would look. This time, the first draft of
history was being written, in part, by the former audience. It
was possible—it was inevitable—because of new publishing
tools available on the Internet.
Another kind of reporting emerged during those appalling
hours and days. Via emails, mailing lists, chat groups, personal
web journals—all nonstandard news sources—we received
valuable context that the major American media couldn’t, or
wouldn’t, provide.
We were witnessing—and in many cases were part of—the
future of news.
Six months later came another demonstration of
tomorrow’s journalism. The stakes were far lower this time,
merely a moment of discomfort for a powerful executive. On
March 26, 2002, poor Joe Nacchio got a first-hand taste of the
future; and this time, in a small way, I helped set the table.
Actually, Nacchio was rolling in wealth that day, when he
appeared at PC Forum, an exclusive executive conference in sub-
urban Phoenix. He was also, it seemed, swimming in self-pity.
In those days Nacchio was the chief executive of regional
telephone giant Qwest, a near-monopoly in its multistate mar-
ketplace. At the PC Forum gathering that particular day, he was
complaining about difficulties in raising capital. Imagine:
whining about the rigors of running a monopoly, especially
when Nacchio’s own management moves had contributed to
some of the difficulties he was facing.
X
 

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