Additives_for_Coatings_3527297855.pdf

Additives for Coatings

Edited by

Johan Bieleman

@WILEY-VCH

Additives for Coatings

Edited by

Johan Bieleman

Additives

for Coatings

Edited by

Johan Bieleman

@WILEY-VCH

Weinheim . New York - Chichester

Brisbane . Singapore Toronto

Johan H. Bieleman

CONDEA Servo BV

Langestraat 167

NL-7494 Delden

The Netherlands

This book was carehlly produced. Nevertheless, editor, authors and publisher do not warrant the in-

formation contained therein to be free of errors. Readers are advised to keep in mind that statements,

data, illustrations, procedural details or other items may inadvertently be inaccurate.

Library of Congress Card No. applied for

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CIP-Cataloguing-in-Publication-Data

A catalogue record for this publication is available from Die Deutsche Bibliothek

0 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH, D-69469 Weinheim (Federal Republic of Germany), 2000

Printed on acid-free and chlorine-free paper

reproduced in any form -by photoprinting, microfilm, or any other means - nor transmitted or translated

into a machine language without written permission from the publishers. Registered names, trademarks,

etc. used in this book, even when not specifically marked as such are not to be considered unprotected by

law.

Typesetting: ProSatz Unger, D-69469 Weinheim

Printing: Strauss Offsetdruck, D-69509 Morlenbach

Bookbindung: GroBbuchbindereiJ. Schaffer, 0-67269 Griinstadt

Printed in the Federal Republic of Germany

Preface

Coating additives comprise an extremely important class of coating raw materials

that are used for the formulation of paints and coating materials, as well as for ap-

plications closely related to coating materials.

Quality, as well as various coating-application properties are determined to a large

extent by the coating additives used. Selecting the correct additives from the wide

range available is therefore very important.

In practice, it rather often happens that the coating technician literally only ,,finds"

the right additive for the application after experimentally testing a large range of

products. With this type of method, an explanation of why one additive works, and

another does not, is rarely found.

The primary goal of this book is to inform the coating technician who works with

the formulation and application of coating materials such as paints, varnishes, inks,

and related products, about the effects that can be obtained with additives. The

main classes of additives and the advantages associated with their proper applica-

tion in coating materials are emphasized.

The chemical composition and basic properties of the main groups of additives,

such as thickening agents, surface-active agents, surface modifiers, catalysts, bio-

cides, etc., are explained in detail. Not only the theoretical aspects are covered, the

greater part of the information is directed at practical applications and properties,

such as the influence on film properties such as appearance and protection.

The book is an ideal source of information for those working as coating technicians

or chemical engineers in industry and trade; however, it is also suitable for those

who work in professions that deal with coatings, for instance, in schools, colleges,

universities, and public institutions.

Although, in a fewcases, commercial nameswere used to supportclear information,

the aim of this book is not to list or describe additives according to their trade names.

This book also does not describe all related theories and publications on coating ad-

ditives in detail, without presenting connections to practical conditions.

In editing this book, I had the support of various specialists in different subjects re-

lated to coatings, and I thank them all for the professional and pleasant cooperation.

My sincere thanks are particularly extended to Dr. Stoye, Dorsten, Germany, for his

stimulating ideas, and to Prof. Dr. Funke, Leonberg, Germany, for his very helpful

advice and corrections. A special acknowledgment goes to the management of

CONDEA Servo B.Y, Delden, the Netherlands, for their support and for providing

the technical means.

Goor, The Netherlands

January 2000

Johan H. Bieleman

Contents

Introduction ...........................................

1 Bieleman

1.1

Additives in Coating Materials .............................

1.2

Definitions ............................................

1.3

Classification According to Function ........................

1.4

Quantities Used .........................................

1.5

Economic Significance of Coating Additives .................

References .............................................

Basics ................................................

2.1

Introduction ..........................................

2.2

Interactions ............................................

2.3

Chemical Composition ...................................

2.4

Effectiveness of Additives ................................

2.5

Applications ...........................................

References .............................................

Thickeners ............................................

J Bieleman and G . Kroon

3.0

Basics ................................................

3 . 0. 1

Introduction ............................................

3.0.2

Rheology and Viscosity ..................................

3.0.3

Viscosity Measurement ...................................

3.1

3.1.1

3.1.2

3.1.3

3.1.4

3.1.5

3.1.5.1

3.1.5.2

3.1.5.3

Inorganic Thickeners ....................................

Introduction ............................................

Organoclays ............................................

Production of the Organoclays .............................

Rheology and Organoclays ................................

Influence of Organoclays on Various Coating Properties .........

Sedimentation ..........................................

Sagging ...............................................

Flow and Levelling ......................................

J. Bieleman

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