Biology Dictionary 8th ed. (1990) WW.pdf

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and then -P!z-&sor of zooiogy a? I3lIke&~ cidieg

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d awarded an hmo,zzy duct0~mteb-y theutim-

sity of Zppsala in 197. He died in May 19?9 just

after 5nk&irg work on the sever&h edition ofthis dic-

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the Umversity of Aknxta from 1981. after having

been both Assistant Professor and Associate Profes-

sor in the same department since 1970. He has had

numerous papers published on lhis investigative re-

searches into lakes and rivers and has acted as a

consdtam for many oqpmzations. He is currentiy

engaged in mearch concerning effecis of ciimatiz

change upon the pastsr Lhistor)- of selecred _4lberm

lakes. He lives in Edmonron -kth his =ife 2nd two

children.

Ifi 177u. Pit; TIas - lTr&kss&Boianpar

54, L. Johnsoc raughr zoolog at Birmingha~m TL‘nix-er-

sit)- for some years. aod rLvarchrd on respiratrion of

invertebrates and 011 ce-rve dqeoeration. She ther,

researched on selection md training of medical stu-

dents aI University College London and on perceptual

was .

F -.

Ii4idxd ET- T was born in Worcesxershkx in

1943. He gained a mst sass Ho- iuc. in

Bioiogy and Botany from the University of Western

Ontario in 1966 and a PhD. in Phycoiogy and

Freshwarer Ecology from the University of Bristol in

C-L-2 :- Ii-%?A TT- 1- - - 1.. - -

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disorders in cerebral palsied children at Guy’s

Hospital, and became Reader in Architectural Educa-

tion at University College London. She then worked

with the new clinical course in the Cambridge medi-

cal school. Publications include Anatomy of Judge-

ment, Perceptual and. Visuo-Motor Disorders in Cere-

bral Palsy, Aims and Techniques of Group Teaching,

and (with P. M. Terry) Talking to Learn. M. L.

Johnson died in 1984.

Michael Thain was born in Hampstead in 1946 and

educated at University College School and Keble

College, Oxford, graduating in Zoology and gaining

a Diploma in Human Biology. After an. intro-

duction to History and Philosophy of Science at

University College London, he graduated in Philos-

ophy from Birkbeck College, London, in 1983, and is

currently studying History of Technology at Imperial

College, London. In 1969 he joined the staff of _

Harrow School, where he was Head of Biology for

eleven years and is now Head of General Studies

\

and in charge of the school’s conservation area. He

is collaborating on a- Dictionary of Zoology, also

for Penguin, and lives in Harrow with his wife and

two children.

I

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THE NEW PENGUIN

DlCTl6NARYOF

DlCTl6NARYOF

LOG Y ,-

LOGY ,-

M. Abercrombie

M. Hickman

M. Hickman

M. L. Johnson

M. L. Johnson

M. Thain

0

EIGHTH EDITION

II

I

-

PENGUIN BOOKS

: F

THE NEW PENGUIN

M. Abercrombie

M. Thain

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PENGUIN BOOKS

i

Published by the Penguin Group

Penguin Books Ltd, 27 Wrights Lane, London W8 5TZ, England

Penguin Books USA Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, USA

I

Penguin Books Australia Ltd, Ringwood, Victoria, Australia

Penguin Books Canada Ltd, 2801 John Street; Markham, Ontario, Canada L3R 1 B4

j

T

Penguin Books (NZ) Ltd, 182-190 Wairau Road, Auckland 10, New Zealand

Penguin Books Ltd, Registered Qffices: Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England

s

First published as The Penguin Dictionary of Biology, 1951

Second edition 1954

’

Third edition 1957

’ Fourth edition 1961

Fifth edition 1966

Sixth edition 1973

Seventh edition 1980

Eighth edition, entiRed The New penguin Dictionary of Biology, 1990

3579108642

Copyright 0 M. Abercrombie, C. J. Hickman and M. L. Johnson, 1951,1954,

1957,

1961, 1966,1973, 1980

Copyright 0 Michael Thain, the Estate of M. Abercrombie,

the Estate of C. J. Hickman and the Estate of

M. L. Johnson, 1990

All rights reserved

The acknowledgements on pages ix-x constitute an extension of this copyright page

Printed in England by Clays Ltd, St Ives plc

Filmset in 9 on lO+pt Monophoto Times

m

Except in the United States of America,

this book is sold subject to the condition

that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise,

be lent, re-sold, hired out, or otherwise circulated

P’

I _-

without the publisher’s prior consent in any form of

binding or cover other than that in which it is

L

published and without a similar condition

including this condition being imposed

IF”

on the subsequent purchaser

I

%+a .___ ,._-_ ____ ..... --..- _ __, _

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--? _

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P

FOR KATEY AND AVRIL, AND MARGARET

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