Star Trek - Klingon - Lesson4.pdf - Star Trek - Pomidoros

Klingon Language Postal Course

A Sponsored Project of the Klingon Language Institute

P.O. Box 634, Flourtown, PA 19031 USA, http://www.kli.org/

Lesson 4

created by David Barron

To take the free Postal Course you need to study and answer the review-questions at the end, and then send

them by e-mail to postal@kli.org, or by regular mail (along with a self-addressed stamped envelope) to:

Klingon Language Lessons

c/o Eric Andeen

2323 North Central Avenue, 1801

Phoenix, AZ 85004

Be certain you include sufficient postage to cover two ounces of materials. Your answers will be corrected

and returned, and you can then move on to the next lesson.

The Klingon Language was developed by Marc Okrand for several Star Trek films and has continued to

be used in each subsequent series. The Language is described fully in The Klingon Dictionary by Okrand and

for purposes of these lessons it is assumed you already have a copy. If not, the dictionary may be purchased

at your local bookstore or from the KLI itself by visiting our merchant page at http://www.kli.org/

Throughout this course references will be made to the dictionary by chapters and sections.

Example:

(4.2.7)

refers to chapter 4, section 2.7

For more information on the Klingon language:

The Klingon Language Institute publishes a quarterly journal, HolQeD ,

featuring articles on Klingon linguistics and culture. Annual membership

includes a four issue subscription and costs $15 in the U.S., $18 in Canada,

and $21 to all other countries. All cheques should be in U.S. funds, made

payable to KLI, and sent to the address at right. Or visit our merchant page

at http://www.kli.org/kli/Merchant.phtml and join using your credit card.

Klingon Language Institute

P.O. Box 634

Flourtown, PA 19031 USA

Review

You should have two charts on verb and noun construction that include noun suffixes and verb prefixes

and suffixes. If you do not have these charts please say so when you return this lesson and they will be

enclosed with the next lesson.

On these charts you can mark which suffixes and prefixes we have covered during the previous lessons.

Keep in mind that the order of Klingon sentences is object-verb-subject, the reverse of English. Also note

that the suffixes have an order which they must follow.

Lesson 4

NUMBERS

Klingon numbers go from zero to nine as follows:

1/4

pagh 0

vagh 5

wa' 1

jav 6

cha' 2

Soch 7

wej 3

chorgh 8

loS 4

Hut 9

Higher numbers like 10, wa'maH , consist of wa' "one;" plus maH which signifies "ten." Thus 22 is

cha'maH cha' and 87 is chorghmaH Soch .

Higher numbers are made in the same manner using maH , ten, vatlh , hundred, SaD or SanID ,

thousand, netlh , ten thousand, bIp , hundred thousand, and 'uy' , million. Thus:

wa'SaD chorghvatlh loSmaH 1,840

wa''uy' Sochvatlh cha'maH 1,000,720

NOUNS

Type 5 suffixes are referred to as Syntactic markers. These help describe direction much like the English

prepositions "at," "in," "on," and "from."

–Daq (locative) is translated as "on," "at," or "by." This suffix indicates that something is happening in the

vicinity of the noun to which it is connected. (3.3.5 pg 27)

Example:

pa' (n) room

porgh (n) body

–lIj (4sfx) your

–Daq (5sfx) by

–Daq (5sfx) in

porghDaq by the body

pa'lIjDaq in your room

–'e' (topic) indicates that the noun to which it is attached is the topic of the sentence. (3.3.5 pg 29)

Example:

QumwI' (n) communicator

Example:

nuq what

–'e' (5sfx) topic

'oH (pn) it

vI– (pfx) I/it

pong (n) name

ghaj (v) to have

–lIj (4sfx) your

–nIS (2sfx) need

–'e' (5sfx) topic

QumwI''e' vIghajnIS I need a communicator

nuq 'oH ponglIj'e what is your name?

(and not something else)

–vo' (from) indicates direction away from the noun. (3.3.5)

Example: naDev (n) here abouts

–vo' (5sfx) from

jI– (pfx) I/none

jaH (v) go

–nIS (2sfx) need

naDevvo' jIjaHnIS I need to leave here

VERBS

In the subject/object prefix chart note the appearance of 0. The 0 means that there is no subject/object

prefix and that the subject and object are indicated by using pronouns (5.1) or by using the object-verb-

subject word order to specify the nouns. The "–" in the chart means that there is no prefix for this

subject/object combination. A related topic, the use of type 1 suffixes (4.2.1), will be discussed in a later

lesson.

To give an order or command in tlhIngan Hol an imperative prefix must be used (4.1.2).

2/4

subject

object

yI–

you (singular)

none

you (singular)

him/her/it

you (plural)

him/her/it

Example:

naDev (n) here

Example:

yI– (imp) you/none

jatlh (v) speak

ghoS (v) come, proceed

–Qo' (R) Don't

naDev yIghoS come here!

yIjatlhQo' don't speak!

VERB SUFFIXES

Type 4 suffix –moH shows the subject is causing a change of condition. This is the only type 4 suffix.

(4.2.4)

Example:

Saqghom (n) landing party

Example:

ghaH (pn) her

yI– (imp) you/none

yI– (imp) you/her

chen (v) take form

lob (v) obey

–moH (4sfx) cause

Saqghom yIchenmoH form a landing party

ghaH yIlobmoH make her obey!

The rover –Qo' is used to negate commands (imperative verbs) and to indicate refusal. It always

follows all other verb suffixes except for type 9 suffixes. It is translated as "don't" or "won't" as in

jISopQo' - I won't eat .

Example:

yI– (imp) you/him

yI– (imp) you/none

'oy' (v) hurt

ja' (v) tell

–moH (4sfx) cause

–Qo' (R) don't

yIja'Qo' don't tell!

yI'oy'moHQo' don't make him hurt!

Type 9 suffixes help elaborate the role of the verb in the sentence allowing for more complex forms.

(4.2.9)

–chugh if

Example:

Da– (pfx) you/it

neH (v) want

cho– (pfx) you/ me

–chugh (9sfx) if

ja' (v) tell

vaj then

–be' (R) not

ghaj (v) have

–chugh (9sfx) if

–laH (5sfx) can

choja'be'chugh if you don't tell me

DaneHchugh if you want it then

vaj DaghajlaH you can have it

–DI' when / as soon as

Example:

Da– (pfx) you/him

Example:

bI– (pfx) you/none

legh (v) see

Qong (v) sleep

–DI' (9sfx) as soon as

–DI' (9sfx) when

yI– (imp) you/none

bI– (pfx) you/none

baH (v) fire

naj (v) dream

DaleghDI' yIbaH as soon as you see him, fire!

bIQongDI' bInaj when you sleep you dream

3/4

mu'tay' (VOCABULARY)

This is a list of all of the words that have been used up to this point as well as the words that will be

used in the Question and Answer section. Practice saying all of your vocabulary words aloud.

Suq get (v)

pong name (v)

pong name (n)

ghoS come, proceed (v)

yoD shield (v)

yoD shield (n)

qI' sign (a treaty) (v)

vaj then, thereforem (adv)

chab pie (n)

baH fire (a weapon) (v)

nuq what? (question)

'oH it (pronoun)

ngIp borrow (v)

qatlh why? (question)

Huch money (n)

qaS happen, occur (v)

nuqDaq where? (question)

naDev hereabouts (n)

ngev sell (v)

'ar how much /

Dat everywhere (n)

naj dream (v)

how many? (question)

Saqghom landing party

NOTE: Question words like nuq must be placed in the proper subject-object positions. Compare:

nuq legh yaS what does the officer see?

yaS legh nuq what sees the officer?

LESSON 4 - EXERCISES 'ay' loS - qeqmey

mu'tlheghmeyvam tImugh Translate these sentences

nuq 'oH ponglIj'e'

DamevDI' Huch'e' DaSuq

naDev jIghoSlaH'a'

vIleghqangDI' vItu'

paq'a''e' vIngIp

qatlh Huchvam'e' vIneH

'oy'chuqchugh vaj mayoD'eghnISbe'

yISapQo'

naDev jIQonglaHbe'

10)

Qochbe' ghojwI'

11)

The borrower wants his money.

12)

I can't have that.

13)

My shield is not for sale.

NOTE: think "I won't sell my shield."

14)

Your pets are afraid to obey me.

15)

Make him speak!

16)

I need to go to my farm.

17)

If you can't sell it then I don't need it.

18)

Serve two pies!

NOTE: You will use the imperative prefix tI– .

19)

You're willing to lie.

20)

I know you're willing to lie.

4/4

Star Trek - Klingon - Lesson4.pdf

Plik z chomika:

Inne pliki z tego folderu:

Inne foldery tego chomika: